A Midsummer Nights Dream - Study Guide

Essay about Week Five Individual Assignment - 1430 Words

Project Management Plan CPMGT 301 James Wood December 08, 2014 Project Management Plan Training for new HIPAA policies and procedures requires that a project manager organize and communicate the project to ensure everyone involved can work together to accomplish the end goal, which is ensuring all staff of the medical association are successfully trained. There are several parties that will need specific communication and the techniques used to communicate will vary. The parties involved in this project included executive leadership, human resources, legal personnel responsible for conducting the training, office managers, records specialists, administrative assistants, transcriptionists, nurses, doctors, and patients of†¦show more content†¦The definitions provided below are for those activities that need further clarification. Evaluation and recommendations: Determine what the new HIPAA policies and procedures entail and determine the resources needed to train the staff accordingly. Develop Project Charter: This is a document to provide the scope of the HIPAA training, and defines identifies the stakeholders. This document also defines roles and responsibilities of the various people associated with the project. Milestones: These are important dates and events that are essential to the project’s success. Each of the above documents are made by the project manager as a means to help the project run smoothly and for referencing as needed. It is essential that each participant understand his or her roles and responsibilities to ensure success. The project manager is responsible to ensure appropriate communication. Human Resource Plan It is important to have a human resource plan to ensure all employees are up to par with the new HIPAA guidelines. The plan is broken down in the following order; determine HIPAA requirements and resources needed, design a training program, develop training materials, implement new requirements, evaluate compliance after training, and retrain ifShow MoreRelatedEssay on Individual Assignment for Week Five710 Words   |  3 PagesIndividual Assignment for Week Five Individual Assignment for Week Five Problem one in Chapter11 Define the appropriate target population and the sampling frame in each of the followingRead MoreBSA 375 Complete Course1474 Words   |  6 PagesPerkin’s (2007) article, list five reasons why projects fail. Provide an example of a project failure.    Based on Stotz’s (2007) article, why is it important to define adequately the use of a system? 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Cite references where possible. 5 postsRe:Topic 1 DQ 1 Identify basic beliefs and practices of the various the forms of historical Christianity. Do identify with these? Explain why or why not. Cite references where possible. WEEK 2 DQ 1 Consider theRead MoreNurs 439 Week 3 Research Database Assignment Essay1639 Words   |  7 PagesNURS 439 WEEK 3 RESEARCH DATABASE ASSIGNMENT To purchase this visit here: http://www.activitymode.com/product/nurs-439-week-3-research-database-assignment/ Contact us at: SUPPORT@ACTIVITYMODE.COM NURS 439 WEEK 3 RESEARCH DATABASE ASSIGNMENT Guidelines and Grading Rubric Purpose You are to locate and document research databases that relate to a significant clinical nursing issue of your choice. The research databases may be labeled as such, or may be collections of research studies,

Americas Culture Essay Example For Students

Americas Culture Essay America’s CultureAdaptation and adoption from one culture to the next is prevalent within any culture and country. When examining the effects of this, finding its original root is key. Oftentimes a country will adapt an aspect of another culture, however it won’t be preserved and practiced identically given only a few years to be fostered in its new civilization.America in itself is a prime example. During our germination we were known as the melting pot of every heritage—each immigrant internally packed his or her previously known culture. Although that was over two-hundred years ago, our country really hasn’t changed much in relation to mixing a little of this and a little of that. Even if we as Americans tried to avoid dabbling in the cultures of countries abroad or even right next door, it couldn’t be possible to preserve any type of â€Å"American Culture†. The most significant of reasons preventing this is due to the foundation our country was settled upon, that being of a melting pot. This concept of an American culture or way of life is created only because each one of our ancestors arrived with their own religious practices, holiday traditions, and even recipes to our favorite dishes we Americans so commonly deem as our own. Relating this on a more contemporary level beyond the original inhabitants arriving from places abroad on boats, our country is still as dynamic as ever. With modern technology enabling travel, communication, and information from one place to the next, it creates an accessible means to share ideas, beliefs, and values between places on opposite ends of the earth. On an even broader perspective, due to the economic structure of international trading and developing, each country is exposed to products and practices of another. Although this concept of sharing cultural components is widespread, our countries adaptation patterns are limited by that very same economic structure. Two countries that don’t share any common ground, often times that will limit the connections in which foster that exchange. For example, Zaire and America haven’t had many adaptations from one to the other due to no like foundations; i.e., trading partners, religion, or even fashion. On the contrary, examine the influence Europe has had on America. We adapt their music, clothing, vocabulary, and traditions into our country because America as a whole has constant communication with the European countries. Due to our country’s roots, America began as a muti-culturally influenced place. Now because of technology, diversity in family heritage, and general exposure from one place to the next—America’s culture continues to be evolving and every changing. For this reason alone it makes one proud to be an American, because the perpetual implementing of different practices and components from a variety of cultures makes for well-balanced living. American History

The Songs Message of Influence free essay sample

In society today, â€Å"influence† is a major factor whether it’s what’s in style, religion, politics, beliefs or any other thing that two people might disagree on. When one person believes one thing and the next believes opposite, almost instinctively that person will attempt to influence the other that his belief on the situation is right. I call this instinct because in most cases when someone is told something that may seem different to them, or is a different way of doing something than what they know of, they instantly react, whether they retort to what that person is saying or whether they are polite and keep it to themselves, one way or another if someone tells a man something different than what he believe, he is going to have an immediate or â€Å"instinctual† reaction. For example In the song â€Å"Flowers are Red† by Harry Chapin, a little boy came into class and the first thing he did was start to draw flowers, when the teacher sees what the little boy is doing she has the immediate instinct to correct what the boy is doing, trying to convert what his idea of a flower is to hers. We will write a custom essay sample on The Songs Message of Influence or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Throughout the song the teacher repeated the line, â€Å"Flowers are red young man, / Green leaves are green, / There’s no need to see flowers any other way, / Than the way they always have been seen. This line shows that the teacher is very set in her ways, and that she does not like people being creative, things must be portrayed the way they are in reality, â€Å"The way they always have been seen. † Though after every time the teacher repeated that line, the boy would retort with, â€Å"There are so many colors in the rainbow, / So many colors in the morning sun, / So many colors in the flower and I see every one. † The boy refuses to believe that flowers must be red and green. The boy sees flowers as bright and colourful and that’s the way he should draw them. After the back and forth argument the teacher gets fed up and decides punishment will help this boy understand that flowers must be red and green. The line â€Å"The teacher put him in a corner, / She said.. It’s for your own good.. / And you won’t come out til you get it right, / And all responding like you should. † (Chapin : 35-37) This shows that the teacher is determined to influence this little boy to draw flowers as she thinks they are supposed to be drawn and that she will go to great lengths just to make this boy draw flowers red and green. The line, Well finally he got lonely, / Frightened thoughts filled his head, / And he went up to the teacher, / And this is what he said.. and he said, / Flowers are red, green leaves are green,/ There’s no need to see flowers any other way, / Than the way they always have been seen. † Shows that the teacher’s forceful influence finally persuaded him that flowers are red and green. The boy was scared into believing that flowers are red and green, he probably still doesn’t agree with the teacher, but he is sure scared of her for putting him in the corner. The teacher didn’t really explain to him why, flowers are only red and green. There for the little boy had no valid reason to believe her. Chapin’s song sends out a strong message about influence. That being, that if someone doesn’t believe the same thing as you, they will try their hardest to persuade you to believe that their opinion is valid and that you are wrong, no matter what. Some people may have grown up believing one thing, they may not fully know why they believe it, just that they always have and that they are comfortable with their belief. So when another person speaks their opinion that contradicts others, they become confused as to why that person doesn’t believe the same as him, there for they become defensive and retort to the others that they are right. Influence can be a powerful and confusing thing in society today, especially with today’s youth, people need to remember that if they are going to act upon defending their beliefs they need to back it up with facts and examples of why they are right, not just scaring people into believing what they think.

Legislation and Legalization essays

Legislation and Legalization essays A Study of the Inconsistency of the Application of the Death Penalty A well-dressed, young-looking businessman casually walks into a soaring skyscraper filled with over a thousand people who are all going about their normal lives, carrying out their daily routines. The businessman holds his briefcase in one hand and clenches his other hand into a tight fist. Nobody gives him a second glance as he walks through the tall, glass entrance doors. He looks perfectly normal to everyone in the building. However, these people do not realize that this mans typical-looking briefcase hides a considerable stockpile of high powered explosives. He calmly boards one of the buildings many elevators and presses the button labeled 30, the exact middle floor. He exits the elevator, impassively sets the briefcase on the floor, and returns to the lobby. Two minutes later, the bomb detonates. The blast reaches nearly fifteen of the buildings sixty floors, killing nearly three hundred people and injuring many more. A witness standing a block away from the building notices the businessman suspiciously walking away from the scene with no expression of fear or panic, and he chases after him. Later, the man pleads guilty to charges of first degree murder. He is sentenced to life in prison without parole. Why is he not given a sentence of death? Why is he not relieved of the right to live for the horrible crime he has committed? The reason is that the crime is committed in the state of Massachusetts, one of the 12 states in the United States of America that do not allow the death penalty as a form of punishment. This inconsistency in legislation causes many serious problems with justice, deterrence, and retribution. The primary problems lie, obviously, in the fact that some states do not allow the death penalty. These twelve states are Alaska, Hawaii, Iowa, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, North Dakota, Rhode Island, ...

Distarctions of Cell Phone Use While Operating Motor Vehicles Essays

Distarctions of Cell Phone Use While Operating Motor Vehicles Essays Distarctions of Cell Phone Use While Operating Motor Vehicles Essay Distarctions of Cell Phone Use While Operating Motor Vehicles Essay Essay Topic: Zone One Shannon Hudak Distractions of Cell Phone Use While Operating a Motor Vehicle Using cell phones while driving are not only dangerous but deadly. We have many distractions while driving, let alone the use of cell phones as well. In this day and age cell phones are used for a variety of things such as text-messaging, internet usage, watching television, e-mailing, faxes, games, and much more. Driving is a privilege, not a right. Many Americans take the technology we have today for granted. Once issued a drivers license it can be revoked for not obeying the laws and this is not the case with cell phone usage while operating motor vehicles. The thing we need to remember is that we all need to be responsible drivers to ensure not only our safety but the safety of other drivers as well. According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) nearly 6,000 people were killed in 2008 and more than 500,000 people were injured due to distractions while driving, which was in a published report in September 2009. Virginia Tech Transportation Institute reported in October 2009 that texting was the most dangerous of all cell phone activities. In September 2009 all government employees were banned texting while driving by an executive order that President Obama signed. In October 2009 there was a new bill introduced that offered financial incentives to states that ban cell phone use for both texting and talking. People who are texting would have doubled fines compared to those who are talking. Although this bill is still being debated on I think it will be something that we the people should encourage for these restrictions to apply. As of November 2010 there are currently twelve states that have no ban at all against cell phone use while operating motor vehicles and Ohio is one of them. There are eight states that have partial cell phone usage bans. Thirty states have a ban of no texting for all drivers. The United States has specifications on how these bans are enforced whether it is primary or secondary laws depending upon each state itself. Some of these laws are based more for the younger adult and teen drivers. This is a very hard issue to produce in legislation due to the fact that there is not anyway for an officer to catch you actually texting while driving. There is obviously no way to know exactly how many fatalities and injuries have occurred while driving with the use of cell hones, but we all know that it is stupid and we should not do it. Many surveys have been conducted for citizens to participate in on driving while using cell phones. In a recent study conducted by Nationwide Insurance Company the majority of the people that participated were all for any type of cell phone use while driving restrictions. Eighty percent of these people support a ban on text messaging while driving, as well as e-mailing while drivi ng. A ban for phone calls while driving had sixty-seven percent of respondents who were supportive of this act. Nearly three out of four of these respondents think these restrictions should be made for all drivers and not specific groups, such as younger adults, and teens. Texting while driving is one of the major concerns of cell phone usage while operating a motor vehicle. Anything can happen on the road in the blink of an eye and the most important thing while driving is to keep your eyes on the road, and drive responsibly. We need the slightest amount of distractions as possible. There are so many more distractions while driving let alone texting or cell phone use. In this day and age everyone is in such a hurry and multi-tasking is one of our biggest flaws when doing something as serious as operating a motor vehicle. We need to take a stand on this because so many lives are at stake when driving. Could you imagine getting a phone call that your child, mother, father, sister, brother, aunt, uncle, grandparent, niece, nephew, cousin, or any other family member, or friend had been hit by a driver while they were texting? Most of us would say â€Å"Oh that will never happen to me† but, when it does, it makes you sit back and think. Anything can happen at any given moment in this life. What would you do if it was you driving and hit your own family member, or friend? It would be devastating. Most of us don’t think of situations that could occur and turn into a tragedy such as this. I have to give a lot of credit to The University of Utah and there research studies in effort to stop this widespread issue of cell phone use while operating a motor vehicle. The University of Utah has conducted many studies to raise the awareness on this epidemic. They have also developed a method to keep drivers from being distracted by cell phones. This method is called Key2SafeDriving. It installs without any tools in seconds. It is something you would have to put money into, but it is well worth it to keep your child or any other relative safe, as well as the other people on the road. It is $99. 95 for each device including software for one cell phone. For each additional cell phone there is a $29. 95 fee for software. They do offer a thirty-day money back guarantee. This device will alert incoming text messages with an automatic response that you are driving. Any incoming calls while driving would be directed to your voicemail automatically. Although you can use hands-free handsets while driving such as Bluetooth’s. Emergency calls such as 911 are still always accessible while driving in safe mode. Your profiles are protected by passwords. This device does not use GPS. This is an inexpensive way to make sure you yourself, children, and family members are not tempted to use the cell phone while operating a motor vehicle. You have to remember that children often repeat the same things they see you do â€Å"monkey see, monkey do†. This would be an effective way to teach them not to text while driving. Another contributor to this debate is Oprah Winfrey. Ms. Winfrey kicked off the â€Å"No Phone Zone Day† on 30th day of April, in 2010. She is asking viewers to pledge not to use cell phones while driving. She is working with transportation safety organizations to declare this a national day to those who have lost their lives due to distracted drivers on cell phones. Ms. Winfrey stated, â€Å"We need to make our own movement to stop cell phoning and text messaging while driving. † â€Å"Don’t tempt fate; that text can wait. † She is trying to raise awareness of how serious the issue is of using your mobile devices while operating motor vehicles is as well. It’s not something we can overlook and she is taking all efforts to stop the deadly driving habits most Americans have formed. There were rallies held in Atlanta, Boston, Detroit, Los Angeles, and Washington D. C. on the 30th of April of this year. More than 160,000 people have pledged not to use their cell phones while driving. You should be the next! In conclusion we know what is right from wrong. If you see a friend using a cell phone while driving tell them it is very unsafe and they are being an irresponsible driver. If your friends use cell phones while operating motor vehicles that does not mean it is okay for you to do too! Two wrongs don’t make a right. Do not allow yourself to get into a vehicle with another person unless they give you their cell phone or they have the Key2Safe Driving installed. If you are old enough to drive you should know not to be using mobile devices while driving period. Our lives are precious and the last things we need are injuries or even deaths for something that can be prevented! This is an option of yours to make when you sit down in the driver seat of your car. One last thing I want to remind you of is taking the pledge created by Oprah Winfrey â€Å"No Phone Zone. Many people are doing it including many famous people. You should be the next to pledge not to drive while using your cell phone. Remember driving is a privilege and not a right! [ (Studios) ] Company, Nationwide Mutual Insurance. Driving While Distracted: Statistics to Know. 2010. 28 November 2010 lt; nationwide. com/newsroom/dwd-facts-figures. jspgt;. David Strayer, Frank Drews, and Lee Siegel. News Center, University of Utah. 29 June 2006. 28 November 2010 lt; unews. utah. edu/p/? r=062206-1gt;. Gale. Gale Opposing Viewpoints in Context, Texting While Driving. 010. 28 November 2010 lt;http://ic. galegroup. com/ic/ovic/ReferenceDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindow? displayGroupName=K12-Referenceamp;action=eamp;windowstate=normalamp;catId=GALE%7C00000000LVZEamp;documentId=GALE%7CPC3021900170amp;mode=viewgt;. Studios, Harpo. Oprah Winfrey and Harpo Studios Announce National No Phone Zone Day Friday, April 30. 6 April 2010. 29 November 2010 lt; oprah. com/pressroom/Oprah-Winfreys-National-No-Phone-Zone-Day_1gt;. Utah, The University of. Key2SafeDriving. 2010. 29 November 2010 lt; key2safedriving. com/gt;.

Diagnosis in Mental Health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Diagnosis in Mental Health - Essay Example Thus resulting in the person becoming convinced this way also. Does this 'diagnostic label' reflect a truth about what psychiatric diagnosis actually is Example: An interim medical professional was training. The medical professional sat in a ward within approximate distance from the psychiatrist. The psychiatrist was interviewing a woman who was very depressed, her husband was with her. The husband made a comment such as, "We just want to know what is making her depressed, doctor." The psychiatrist dismissed this, said that they had to understand that she had a "depressive illness", that this was "an illness like any other kind of illness", and that they would be treating this (the 'treatment' consisted of antidepressants .) So that's it! What's causing this depression Is Depression causing this depression (or substitute 'schizophrenia', 'bipolar', etc). The doctor -usually a medical doctor, sometimes a clinical psychologist, is usually expected to judge whether the collection of feelings, experiences and behaviors you described and observed, fit into one of the categories in the psychiatric diagnostic manuals that the pr... bserves about the behaviour, and can elicit from the patient their feelings, experiences and behaviour - which usually happens within a short interview. There are alternatives to diagnostic classification in mental health. Reports suggest mental health professionals will start avoiding diagnosis and concentrating instead on what problems the person was experiencing, needed to deal with, and on the context in which these problems had arisen. There is a debate happening about the usefulness of diagnosis, particularly in clinical psychology, that rather than try to fit people into distinct diagnostic categories, given our states of psychological distress and disturbance as existing on a continuum, on a spectrum, using an approach called 'formulation'. This approach is used by some professionals, which, concentrates on the difficulties the person is experiencing and their particular circumstances and looks to help with these. This report will address diagnosis in mental health, advantages and disadvantages of diagnosis in mental health, self-fulfilling prophesy, problems with diagnosis and the social impact mental illness has on society. Definition The word diagnosis comes directly from the Greek, but with different meaning. To the Greeks a diagnosis is interpreted to mean a "discrimination, a distinguishing, or a discerning between two possibilities." History The history of medical diagnosis began in days of Imhotep in ancient Egypt and Hippocrates in ancient Greece. In Traditional Chinese Medicine, there are four diagnostic methods: inspection, auscultation-olfaction, interrogation, and palpation.[9] A Babylonian medical textbook, the Diagnostic Handbook written by Esagil-kin-apli (fl. 1069-1046 BC), introduced the use of empiricism, logic and

Right to Rule Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Right to Rule - Essay Example However, though the Supreme Court allowed itself to be bullied into submission, the country now has the chance to right the wrong committed four years ago and reinstate Estrada as president. Many things stand in favor of this. Therefore, though Chief Justice Davide and GMA stole the presidency from Erap and the Filipino people, now there is a chance that this injustice might be reversed. The truth regarding the conduct of former president Estrada has never really been sought by the Philippine Supreme Court. Over the past four years and with little success, Estrada's lawyer has repeatedly sought an audience with the justices of that court, arguing that his client had not received a fair trial. According to the constitution of the Republic of the Philippines, attorneys are allowed to call into question judgments made by the Supreme Court, provided the attorney act respectfully, in accordance with the law, and also provided that the faith of the people in the judicial system is not harmed. The law has made allowance for the fallibility of the Supreme Court and agrees to hear any respectful and warranted complaint brought against it. The truth of this was, however, not evident in the Court's handling of the appeals made by attorney Alan F. Paguia in defense of President Estrada. Rather, he has been accused of "seeking to breathe life into the carcass of a long-dead issu e" (CITATION). These and other similar accusations were made after Paguia, upon going before the Sandiganbayan, requested the following: First, that President Estrada be given the opportunity to vindicate himself and prove that he was not allowed to have a fair trial; and second, that Panganiban and several of the other key players in the prosecution's case be issued a subpoena to provide documents that prove their support of the edict that proclaimed Vice President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo as the new president of the Republic of the Philippines. However, this motion was denied and Paguia declared by the court to be belligerent and seeking to incite public mistrust of the judicial system. His behavior was described as "an obstinate display of defiance" (CITATION). Furthermore, it was said that "in liberally imputing sinister and devious motives and questioning the impartiality, integrity, and authority of the members of the Court, Atty. Paguia has only succeeded in seeking to impede, obstruct, and p ervert the dispensation of justice" (CITATION). Consequently, his license to practice law was indefinitely suspended by the Sandiganbayan. To allow himself to be barred from his profession, it would appear that Paguia, in making those appeals in the behalf of President Estrada, was acting upon a principle. In fact, he appears to have been morally obliged to assert these claims because of the manner in which the original case was handled. The components of the four-pronged charges in the case against President Erap are all monetary in nature. They consist of funds received from illegal gambling (jueteng), funds from the tobacco excise tax, commissions received from Bell Corporation, and owning an account in the name of Jose Velarde. These allegations

Comparison between five process models of software engineering Essay Example for Free

Comparison between five process models of software engineering Essay IJCSI International Journal of Computer Science Issues, Vol. 7, Issue 5, September 2010 ISSN (Online): 1694-0814 www.IJCSI.org A Comparison Between Five Models Of Software Engineering Nabil Mohammed Ali Munassar1 and A. Govardhan2 1 Ph.D Student of Computer Science Engineering Jawahrlal Nehru Technological University Kuktapally, Hyderabad- 500 085, Andhra Pradesh, India 2 Professor of Computer Science Engineering Principal JNTUH of Engineering College, Jagityal, Karimnagar (Dt), A.P., India Abstract This research deals with a vital and important issue in computer world. It is concerned with the software management processes that examine the area of software development through the  development models, which are known as software development  life cycle. It represents five of the development models namely, waterfall, Iteration, V-shaped, spiral and Extreme programming. These models have advantages and disadvantages as well. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to represent different models of software development and make a  comparison between them to show the features and defects of each model. Keywords: Software Management Processes, Software  Development, Development Models, Software Development Life  Cycle, Comparison between five models of Software Engineering. increased recently which results in the difficulty of  enumerating such companies. During the previous four  decades, software has been developed from a tool used for  analyzing information or solving a problem to a product in  itself. However, the early programming stages have  created a number of problems turning software an  obstacle to software development particularly those  relying on computers. Software consists of documents and  programs that contain a collection that has been  established to be a part of software engineering  procedures. Moreover, the aim of software engineering is  to create a suitable work that construct programs of high  quality. 1. Introduction Computer Science No one can deny the importance of computer in our life,  especially during the present time. In fact, computer has  become indispensible in todays life as it is used in many  fields of life such as industry, medicine, commerce,  education and even agriculture. It has become an  important element in the industry and technology of  advanced as well as developing countries. Now a days,  organizations become more dependent on computer in  their works as a result of computer technology. Computer  is considered a time- saving device and its progress helps  in executing complex, long, repeated processes in a very  short time with a high speed. In addition to using  computer for work, people use it for fun and  entertainment. Noticeably, the number of companies thatproduce software programs for the purpose of facilitating  works of offices, administrations, banks, etc, has Theories Computer Function Client Problems The Software engineering Tools and techniques to solve problems Fig. 1 Explanation of software engineering conception. IJCSI International Journal of Computer Science Issues, Vol. 7, Issue 5, September 2010 ISSN (Online): 1694-0814 www.IJCSI.org 95 2. Software Process Models concern. A software process model is an abstract representation of a process. It presents a description of a process from some particular perspective as: The pure waterfall lifecycle consists of several nonoverlapping stages, as shown in the following figure. The model begins with establishing system requirements and  software requirements and continues with architectural  design, detailed design, coding, testing, and maintenance. The waterfall model serves as a baseline for many other  lifecycle models. 1. 2. 3. 4. Specification. Design. Validation. Evolution. General Software Process Models are 1. Waterfall model: Separate and distinct phases of specification and development. 2. Prototype model. 3. Rapid application development model (RAD). 4. Evolutionary development: Specification, development and validation are interleaved. 5. Incremental model. 6. Iterative model. 7. Spiral model. 8. Component-based software engineering : The system is assembled from existing components. System Requirements Software Requirements Architectural Design Detailed Design Coding There are many variants of these models e.g. formal development where a waterfall-like process is used, but the specification is formal that is refined through several stages to an implementable design[1]. Testing Maintenance Fig. 2 Waterfall Model[4]. 3. Five Models A Programming process model is an abstract representation to describe the process from a particular perspective. There are numbers of general models for software processes, like: Waterfall model, Evolutionary development, Formal systems development and Reusebased development, etc. This research will view the following five models : 1. Waterfall model. 2. Iteration model. 3. V-shaped model. 4. Spiral model. 5. Extreme model. These models are chosen because their features correspond to most software development programs. Requirements Definition System and Software Design Implementation and Unit Testing Integration and System Testing 3.1 The Waterfall Model The waterfall model is the classical model of software  engineering. This model is one of the oldest models and is  widely used in government projects and in many major  companies. As this model emphasizes planning in early  stages, it ensures design flaws before they develop. In  addition, its intensive document and planning make it  work well for projects in which quality control is a major Operation and Maintenance Fig. 3 Waterfall model[2]. The following list details the steps for using the waterfall IJCSI International Journal of Computer Science Issues, Vol. 7, Issue 5, September 2010 ISSN (Online): 1694-0814 www.IJCSI.org model: 1 System requirements: Establishes the components  for building the system, including the hardware  requirements, software tools, and other necessary  components. Examples include decisions on  hardware, such as plug-in boards (number of  channels, acquisition speed, and so on), and decisions  on external pieces of software, such as databases or  libraries. 2 3 Software requirements: Establishes the expectations  for software functionality and identifies which system  requirements the software affects. Requirements  analysis includes determining interaction needed with  other applications and databases, performance  requirements, user interface requirements, and so on. Architectural design: Determines the software  framework of a system to meet the specific  requirements. This design defines the major  components and the interaction of those components,  but it does not define the structure of each  component. The external interfaces and tools used in  the project can be determined by the designer. 4 Detailed design: Examines the software components  defined in the architectural design stage and produces  a specification for how each component is  implemented. 5 Coding: Implements specification. 6 7 the detailed starting coding. There is no overlap between stages. In  real-world development, however, one can discover issues  during the design or coding stages that point out errors or gaps in the requirements. The waterfall method does not prohibit returning to an  earlier phase, for example, returning from the design phase  to the requirements phase. However, this involves costly  rework. Each completed phase requires formal review and  extensive documentation development. Thus, oversights  made in the requirements phase are expensive to correct  later. Because the actual development comes late in the process,  one does not see results for a long time. This delay can be  disconcerting to management and customers. Many people  also think that the amount of documentation is excessive  and inflexible. Although the waterfall model has  instructive because it emphasizes  project development. Even if one  model, he must consider each of  relationship to his own project [4]. ï‚ · 1. 2. 3. design Testing: Determines whether the software meets the  specified requirements and finds any errors present in  the code. Maintenance: Addresses problems and enhancement  requests after the software releases. In some organizations, a change control board maintains  the quality of the product by reviewing each change made  in the maintenance stage. Consider applying the full  waterfall development cycle model when correcting  problems or implementing these enhancement requests. In each stage, documents that explain the objectives and  describe the requirements for that phase are created. At the end of each stage, a review to determine whether the  project can proceed to the next stage is held. Your  prototyping can also be incorporated into any stage from  the architectural design and after. Many people believe that this model cannot be applied to  all situations. For example, with the pure waterfall model,  the requirements must be stated before beginning the  design, and the complete design must be stated before 96 4. 5. 6. ï‚ · 1. 2. 4. 5. 6. 7. ï‚ · its weaknesses, it is  important stages of  does not apply this  these stages and its Advantages : Easy to understand and implement. Widely used and known (in theory!). Reinforces good habits: define-before- design, design-before-code. Identifies deliverables and milestones. Document driven, URD, SRD, †¦ etc. Published documentation standards, e.g. PSS-05. Works well on mature products and weak teams. Disadvantages : Idealized, doesn’t match reality well. Doesn’t reflect iterative nature of exploratory development. 3. Unrealistic to expect accurate requirements so early in project. Software is delivered late in project, delays discovery of serious errors. Difficult to integrate risk management. Difficult and expensive to make changes to documents, †swimming upstream†. Significant administrative overhead, costly for small teams and projects [6]. Pure Waterfall This is the classical system development model. It consists of discontinuous phases: 1. 2. 3. Concept. Requirements. Architectural design. IJCSI International Journal of Computer Science Issues, Vol. 7, Issue 5, September 2010 ISSN (Online): 1694-0814 www.IJCSI.org 4. 5. 6. Detailed design. Coding and development. Testing and implementation. Table 1: Strengths Weaknesses of Pure Waterfall Strengths ï‚ · ï‚ · Minimizes planning  overhead since it can be done up front.  Structure minimizes  wasted effort, so it  works well for  technically weak or  inexperienced staff. Risk reduction spirals can be added to the top of the  waterfall to reduce risks prior to the waterfall phases. The waterfall can be further modified using options such as  prototyping, JADs or CRC sessions or other methods of  requirements gathering done in overlapping phases [5]. Weaknesses 3.2 Iterative Development ï‚ · Inflexible ï‚ · Only the final phase  produces a nondocumentation  deliverable. ï‚ · Backing up to address mistakes is difficult. The problems with the Waterfall Model created a demand  for a new method of developing systems which could  provide faster results, require less up-front information,  and offer greater flexibility. With Iterative Development,  the project is divided into small parts. This allows the  development team to demonstrate results earlier on in the  process and obtain valuable feedback from system users. Often, each iteration is actually a mini-Waterfall process  with the feedback from one phase providing vital  information for the design of the next phase. In a variation of this model, the software products, which are produced  at the end of each step (or series of steps), can go into  production immediately as incremental releases. ï‚ · Pure Waterfall Summary The pure waterfall model performs well for products with  clearly understood requirements or when working with  well understood technical tools, architectures and  infrastructures. Its weaknesses frequently make it  inadvisable when rapid development is needed. In those  cases, modified models may be more effective. ï‚ · 97 Modified Waterfall The modified waterfall uses the same phases as the pure  waterfall, but is not based on a discontinuous basis. This  enables the phases to overlap when needed. The pure  waterfall can also split into subprojects at an appropriate  phase (such as after the architectural design or detailed design). Table 2: Strengths Weaknesses of Modified Waterfall Strengths ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · More flexible than the  pure waterfall model. If there is personnel  continuity between the  phases, documentation  can be substantially reduced.  Implementation of easy  areas does not need to  wait for the hard ones. Weaknesses ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · Modified Waterfall Summary Milestones are more  ambiguous than the  pure waterfall. Activities performed  in parallel are subject  to miscommunication  and mistaken  assumptions. Unforeseen  interdependencies can  create problems. Fig. 4 Iterative Development. 3.3 V-Shaped Model Just like the waterfall model, the V-Shaped life cycle is a  sequential path of execution of processes. Each phase  must be completed before the next phase begins. Testing  is emphasized in this model more than the waterfall  model. The testing procedures are developed early in the  life cycle before any coding is done, during each of the  phases preceding implementation. Requirements begin the  life cycle model just like the waterfall model. Before IJCSI International Journal of Computer Science Issues, Vol. 7, Issue 5, September 2010 ISSN (Online): 1694-0814 www.IJCSI.org development is started, a system test plan is created. The test plan focuses on meeting the functionality specified in requirements gathering. 98 Requirements The high-level design phase focuses on system  architecture and design. An integration test plan is created in this phase in order to test the pieces of the software  systems ability to work together. However, the low-level  design phase lies where the actual software components  are designed, and unit tests are created in this phase as  well. System Test Planning High Level Design Low Level Design The implementation phase is, again, where all coding  takes place. Once coding is complete, the path of  execution continues up the right side of the V where the  test plans developed earlier are now put to use. ï‚ · Simple and easy to use. Each phase has specific deliverables. Higher chance of success over the waterfall model  due to the early development of test plans during the  life cycle. Works well for small projects where requirements are  easily understood. Unit Test Planning Integration Testing Unit Testing Implementation Advantages 1. 2. 3. Integration Test Planning System Testing 4. Fig. 6 V-Shaped Life Cycle Model[7]. 3.4 Spiral Model The spiral model is similar to the incremental model, with  more emphases placed on risk analysis. The spiral model  has four phases: Planning, Risk Analysis, Engineering and  Evaluation. A software project repeatedly passes through  these phases in iterations (called Spirals in this  model). The baseline spiral, starting in the planning  phase, requirements are gathered and risk is  assessed. Each subsequent spiral builds on the baseline  spiral. Requirements are gathered during the planning  phase. In the risk analysis phase, a process is undertaken  to identify risk and alternate solutions. A prototype is  produced at the end of the risk analysis phase. Software is  produced in the engineering phase, along with testing at  the end of the phase. The evaluation phase allows the  customer to evaluate the output of the project to date  before the project continues to the next spiral. In the spiral model, the angular component represents  progress, and the radius of the spiral represents cost. Fig. 5 V-Model [3] ï‚ · Disadvantages 1. 2. Very rigid like the waterfall model. Little flexibility and adjusting scope is difficult and  expensive.  Software is developed during the implementation phase,  so no early prototypes of the software are produced. This Model does not provide a clear path for problems  found during testing phases [7]. 3. 4. ï‚ · 1. 2. 3. Advantages High amount of risk analysis. Good for large and mission-critical projects. Software is produced early in the software life cycle. ï‚ · 1. 2. 3. Disadvantages Can be a costly model to use. Risk analysis requires highly specific expertise. Project’s success is highly dependent on the risk  analysis phase. Doesn’t work well for smaller projects [7]. 4. IJCSI International Journal of Computer Science Issues, Vol. 7, Issue 5, September 2010 ISSN (Online): 1694-0814 www.IJCSI.org ï‚ · 1. Spiral model sectors Objective setting :Specific objectives for the phase are identified. 2. Risk assessment and reduction: Risks are assessed and activities are put in place to reduce the key risks. 3. Development and validation: A development model for the system is chosen which can be any of the general models. 4. Planning: The project is reviewed and the next phase of the spiral is planned [1]. 99 under which the system would produce win-lose or loselose outcomes for some stakeholders. 3. Identify and Evaluate Alternatives: Solicit  suggestions from stakeholders, evaluate them with respect  to stakeholders win conditions, synthesize and negotiate  candidate win-win alternatives, analyze, assess, resolve  win-lose or lose-lose risks, record commitments and areas  to be left flexible in the projects design record and life  cycle plans. 4. Cycle through the Spiral: Elaborate the win conditions  evaluate and screen alternatives, resolve risks, accumulate  appropriate commitments, and develop and execute  downstream plans [8]. 3.5 Extreme Programming An approach to development, based on the development  and delivery of very small increments of functionality. It  relies on constant code improvement, user involvement in  the development team and pair wise programming . It can  be difficult to keep the interest of customers who are  involved in the process. Team members may be unsuited  to the intense involvement that characterizes agile  methods. Prioritizing changes can be difficult where there  are multiple stakeholders. Maintaining simplicity requires  extra work. Contracts may be a problem as with other  approaches to iterative development. Fig. 7 Spiral Model of the Software Process[1]. ï‚ · WinWin Spiral Model The original spiral model [Boehm 88] began each cycle of  the spiral by performing the next level of elaboration of  the prospective systems objectives, constraints and  alternatives. A primary difficulty in applying the spiral  model has been the lack of explicit process guidance in  determining these objectives, constraints, and alternatives. The Win-Win Spiral Model [Boehm 94] uses the theory  W (win-win) approach [Boehm 89b] to converge on a  systems next-level objectives, constraints, and  alternatives. This Theory W approach involves identifying  the systems stakeholders and their win conditions, and  using negotiation processes to determine a mutually  satisfactory set of objectives, constraints, and alternatives for the stakeholders. In particular, as illustrated in the  figure, the nine-step Theory W process translates into the  following spiral model extensions: 1. Determine Objectives: Identify the system life-cycle  stakeholders and their win conditions and establish initial  system boundaries and external interfaces. 2. Determine Constraints: Determine the conditions Fig. 8 The XP Release Cycle ï‚ · Extreme Programming Practices Incremental planning: Requirements are recorded on Story Cards and the Stories to be included in a release are determined by the time available and their relative priority. The developers break these stories into development Tasks. Small Releases: The minimal useful set of functionality that provides business value is developed first. Releases of the system are frequent and incrementally add functionality to the first release. IJCSI International Journal of Computer Science Issues, Vol. 7, Issue 5, September 2010 ISSN (Online): 1694-0814 www.IJCSI.org Simple Design: Enough design is carried out to meet the  current requirements and no more. Test first development: An automated unit test  framework is used to write tests for a new piece of  functionality before functionality itself is implemented.  Refactoring: All developers are expected to re-factor the  code continuously as soon as possible code improvements  are found. This keeps the code simple and maintainable.  Pair Programming: Developers work in pairs, checking  each other’s work and providing support to do a good job.  Collective Ownership: The pairs of developers work on  all areas of the system, so that no islands of expertise  develop and all the developers own all the code. Anyone  can change anything. Continuous Integration: As soon as work on a task is  complete, it is integrated into the whole system. After any  such integration, all the unit tests in the system must pass. Sustainable pace: Large amounts of over-time are not  considered acceptable as the net effect is often to reduce  code quality and medium term productivity.  On-site Customer: A representative of the end-user of the  system (the Customer) should be available full time for the  use of the XP team. In an extreme programming process,  the customer is a member of the development team and is  responsible for bringing system requirements to the team  for implementation. ï‚ · 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. XP and agile principles Incremental development is supported through small,  frequent system releases. Customer involvement means full-time customer  engagement with the team. People not process through pair programming,  collective ownership and a process that avoids long working hours. Change supported through regular system releases.  Maintaining simplicity through constant refactoring of  code [1]. ï‚ · 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Advantages Lightweight methods suit small-medium size projects. Produces good team cohesion. Emphasises final product. Iterative. Test based approach to requirements and quality assurance. ï‚ · 1. Disadvantages Difficult to scale up to large projects where documentation is essential. Needs experience and skill if not to degenerate into code-and-fix. Programming pairs is costly. 2. 3. 4. 100 Test case construction is a difficult and specialized skill [6]. 4. Conclusion and Future Work After completing this research , it is concluded that : 1. There are many existing models for developing systems for different sizes of projects and requirements. 2. These models were established between 1970 and 1999. 3. Waterfall model and spiral model are used commonly in developing systems. 4. Each model has advantages and disadvantages for the development of systems , so each model tries to eliminate the disadvantages of the previous model Finally, some topics can be suggested for future works: 1. 2. 3. Suggesting a model to simulate advantages that are found in different models to software process management. Making a comparison between the suggested model and the previous software processes management models. Applying the suggested model to many projects to ensure of its suitability and documentation to explain its mechanical work. REFERENCES [1] Ian Sommerville, Software Engineering, Addison Wesley, 7th edition, 2004. [2] CTG. MFA – 003, A Survey of System Development Process Models, Models for Action Project: Developing Practical Approaches to Electronic Records Management and Preservation, Center for Technology in Government University at Albany / Suny,1998 . [3] Steve Easterbrook, Software Lifecycles, University of Toronto Department of Computer Science, 2001. [4] National Instruments Corporation, Lifecycle Models, 2006 , http://zone.ni.com. [5] JJ Kuhl, Project Lifecycle Models: How They Differ and When to Use Them,2002 www.businessesolutions.com. [6] Karlm, Software Lifecycle Models, KTH,2006 . [7] Rlewallen, Software Development Life Cycle Models, 2005 ,http://codebeter.com. [8] Barry Boehm, Spiral Development: Experience, Principles, and Refinements, edited by Wilfred J. Hansen, 2000 . Nabil Mohammed Ali Munassar was born in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia in 1978. He studied Computer Science at University of Science and Technology, Yemen from 1997 to 2001. In 2001 he IJCSI International Journal of Computer Science Issues, Vol. 7, Issue 5, September 2010 ISSN (Online): 1694-0814 www.IJCSI.org received the Bachelor degree. He studied Master of Information Technology at Arab Academic, Yemen, from 2004 to 2007. Now rd he Ph.D. Student 3 year of CSE at Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University (JNTU), Hyderabad, A. P., India. He is working as Associate Professor in Computer Science Engineering College in University Of Science and Technology, Yemen. His area of interest include Software Engineering, System Analysis and Design, Databases and Object Oriented Technologies. Dr.A.Govardhan: received Ph.D. degree in Computer Science and Engineering from Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University in 2003, M.Tech. from Jawaharlal Nehru University in 1994 and B.E. from Osmania University in 1992. He is Working as a Principal of Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Jagitial. He has published around 108 papers in various national and international Journals/conferences. His research of interest includes Databases, Data Warehousing Mining, Information Retrieval, Computer Networks, Image Processing, Software Engineering, Search Engines and Object Oriented Technologies. 101

Beholding the Beauty of Christ: A Blessed Paradox :: essays research papers

Beholding the Beauty of Christ: A Blessed Paradox I.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Introduction A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Central verse Psalms 27:4 â€Å"One thing have I desired of the Lord, That will I seek: That I may dwell in the house of the Lord all the days of my life, to behold the beauty of the Lord, and to inquire in His temple.† B.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The word â€Å"Beauty† as used here by David is the word â€Å"noam† which means splendor or agreeableness. C.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What makes Jesus Christ so admirable, precious, so beautiful, and so glorious is what Jonathan Edwards calls â€Å"an admirable conjunction of diverse excellencies.† The beauty and excellence of Christ is not a simple thing. It is a unique coming together in one person of extremely diverse qualities. Jesus has a glory in Himself that has a combing of attributes that would seem impossible in one person. He is unique, one of a kind. There is no one and nothing we could compare Him to. He is â€Å"Incomparable because in Him meet infinite glory and lowest humility, infinite majesty and transcendent meekness, deepest reverence toward God and equality with God, infinite worthiness of good and greatest patience to suffer evil, supreme dominion and exceeding obedience, divine self-sufficiency and childlike trust.† The Beauty and Excellency of Jesus is a coming together in one person of the perfect balance and proportion of extremely diverse qualities. He is a blessed paradox. I would like to explore 3 paradoxes of Jesus. II.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Paradox 1: Infinite Glory and Lowest Humility A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Phil 2:5-7 â€Å"Let this mind be in you which was also in Christ Jesus, who being in the form of God, did not consider it robbery to be equal with God, but made Himself of no reputation taking on the form of a bondservant, and coming in the likeness of men.† B.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First, let us consider the infinite glory of Jesus. 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  John 1:1,14 â€Å"In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.† Vs. 14 â€Å"And the Word became flesh and dwelt among us, and we beheld His glory as of the only begotten of the Father, full of grace and truth.† 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jesus was as much God as the Father and Holy Spirit. He testified of this in John 8:58 when He was being questioned by the Jews, He states â€Å"Most assuredly, I say to you, before Abraham was, I AM.† He is the word of God made Flesh. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Romans 8:34 Jesus is seated at the right hand of the Father.

Cultural impact of Macdonalds Essay

McDonald is more than a restaurant; it had known to be a prominent symbol of American standard in fast food industries. And for this company to penetrate the Arab market where they’re a huge gap in cultures, it must have to do some necessary adjustments. Even though McDonald have a strong value of its name as a brand, it wont be easy to for a foreign company to gain the confidence of a country with a strong different believe and well established culture. You see not the all restaurant could sell their products in Middle East because of this situation. It is this culture of Middle East people that had set standard and limitation of what to eat and not. Arab people are very strict when it comes to this matter and everything should be according to their laws and religion. The concept of selling product exclusively for a particular region is an effective way to reach out their potential market. For example, the introduction of Mcarabia sandwich in the Middle East. There are two versions of this sandwich, the McArabia Grilled Chicken and Grilled Kofta, which is both, prepared only using ingredients that are acceptable with the Arab Religion. This is very important part of reaching out the Arab market. Just by naming it as â€Å"McArabia† makes the Arab people feel how they are being valued by McDonald restaurant. It reflects the sincere commitments of McDonalds to reach out the market of the gulf regions. Thus, it gained a warm acceptance with Arab market and it has shown with record of successful sales of the company. With the success of McDonald, it brought out a new interest to its Arab Market. It taught its customers how they could they could enjoy American products and still stick with their culture. However, this leads to into some modernization, which I believe is now acceptable with Arab leaders. For as long as there religion is always on top of consideration, changes are welcome to Arab market. Maybe this is the reason why there’s a lot establishment and products being produce in accordance with the â€Å"hajal† standard.a

The Ministry of Defense of Belarus and Russia

This paper is a comparative treatment of two ministries of defense of substantial strategic importance to the world, that of Russia and Belarus. Both countries have had strained relationships with the United States and the western world and have been actively pursuing activities with those countries hostile to western imperialism such as China and Venezuela.This paper will, first, summarize the basic structure and relations of the two ministries, and then compare and contrast them. A conclusion will attempt to bring these insights together. The Ministry of Defense of Belarus:Interestingly, the Defense Ministry of Belarus has its roots in the reaction to the Chernobyl disaster of 1986. This disaster is one of the main reasons the two republics it affected, Ukraine and Belarus (as the city is on their border) declared independence from the USSR several years later. In fact, the very first piece of legislation establishing this ministry (in 1992) was explicitly titled the â€Å"Reactio n against the Affects of Chernobyl† and acted as a form of public mobilization against the tremendous health risks of the airborne radiation (â€Å"Legislative Basis,† 2009).But in the era of 1991-1992, historic in that it was the era of the fall of the USSR and the independence of the Warsaw Pact nations and the former Soviet Republics, saw the Belorussian state declare independence from the defunct USSR and develop its own institutions, chief among them was the ministry of defense. Several issues presented themselves: first, about half of the Belarusian republican army was of Russian descent, and second, that thousands of Belarusian troops were serving the former USSR in countries abroad.The newly formed independent Belarusian government then implemented programs that re-Belarussianized the armed forces and brought those expatriated soldiers home (Global Security, 2008). The structure of the Defense ministry is not civilian, and in fact, a major issue in Belarusian po litical culture is the means by which the purely military aspects of the Ministry and its civilian contacts could be regularized. But at the moment, the entire staff of the Ministry are uniformed officers. Currently, the Minister of Defense is Col. Gen.Leonid Maltsyev (appointed 2001), and he is supported by a general staff that includes the following offices: the chief of staff of the armed forces of the republic, the deputy minister, a ministry dedicated to armaments and acquisitions, then Logistics, army command and lastly, the air command and the air defense. As Belarus is landlocked, there is no naval force. The structure of the Ministry in terms of a chain of command is that the Defense Ministry is a part of the Council of Ministers, itself directly under the President of the Republic, currently the wildly popular Alexander Luksahenko.The General staff serves directly under the Defense Minister, and under him stand the land, air and support staffs in a position of equality. Fi nally, under the land forces stand logistics. Hence, the doctrine here is that Logistics and strategy stand under the land army, while the air corps follows orders. Hence, the equality between land and air forces is theoretical only. The tradition of the ministry is that land forces should predominate, and air forces act as an auxiliary to them. The mentality and culture of the Ministry follows a very specific doctrine. Its main points are the following:a) that the ministry is dedicated to a â€Å"balanced† cooperation among states. There is to be strict neutrality in terms of â€Å"power blocs,† and cooperation will not follow and specific â€Å"ideological† bent, but what serves the mission of the ministry in terms of the defense of the republic. b) that this ministry will never seek to acquire nuclear weapons. c) that it operates in accordance with a strict equity with other states (â€Å"Military Doctrine,† 2009). In addition, the â€Å"Military Doct rine† of the Republic is an important source for the basic functioning of the Ministry.The most interesting elements of this more or less bureaucratic document are the conditions that must prevail for the military services of the republic to respond if the republic is threatened. The document itself calls this the â€Å"political-military† situations that permit the usage of armed force in general, but are obviously applied to Belarus specifically. Hence it is a sort of a moral blueprint where force can be used, though it does not specify the amount of force in each case. These are: a) the lack of effective political mechanisms to solve political problems.b) economic imperialism , that is, the desire for advanced countries to use their economic and political clout to exploit smaller and weaker states; c) the domination of a few major powers over the resources of the globe d) the development of new technologies that threaten the typical military balance in the world e) t he use of propaganda to overthrow states (in other words, the use of a controlled media to manipulate public opinion over and above normal democratic channels) f) the manipulation of ethnic groups in order to create a volatile situation (â€Å"Bases,† 2009).Needless to say, this official doctrine of the defense ministry makes perfect sense given the small size and vulnerability of the republic. Belarus is a part of the non-aligned movement, which brings the Ministry of Defense, Foreign Affairs and the Presidency into regular co-operation. Since Belarus has regular treaties with Venezuela, Russia, Vietnam and China, the policy here is to co-operate fully with the president and the foreign ministry in developing a â€Å"non-aligned† movement that seeks to alter the current â€Å"uni-polar† nature of global power.Hence, the Defense Ministry is following directives placed by the presidency and the Foreign Ministry in developing a place in the world for smaller, weak er powers who seek to create a power balance with the west rather than have the west dominate them. Hence, the Defense Ministry has adopted a defense policy that is completely in line with that of the presidency, the council of ministers, the foreign ministry and the nature of being in charge of the defense of a small country. Lastly, since Belarus economically is one of the most dynamic countries in the world, the funding of the military forces has never been an issue (IMF, 2009).The fall of the USSR meant that many of the Russian forces in the Warsaw Pact countries were backed right into Belarus, leading to a situation where Belarus was one of the most militarized countries in the world. President Lukashenko sought to reduce the number of forces, end conscription, and hence, reduce the strain of the armed forces on the budget. Today, the armed forces are a fraction of what they cost in 1992, leading to a smooth relationship with the finance ministry and the presidency. Thus, in co nclusion, the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Belarus is a model for the developing world.It seeks no political power, since it already is directly represented in the council of ministers and the ministry itself is run by uniformed officers appointed by the President. It cooperates fully with the foreign ministry in developing a military doctrine in line with the â€Å"non-aligned† movement. It seeks a balanced co-operation with the world and a reduction in the number of both nuclear and conventional weapons systems in world politics. It has been steadily reducing its cost to the ministry of finance, leading to–to say the least–a smooth working relationship. The Defense Ministry of RussiaThe structure of the Russian Ministry of Defense is largely civilian. The Minister himself is Anatoly Serdyuvkov, who, significantly, was a former tax official under Putin. However, immediately under him is a uniformed officer, Gen. Nikolai Makarov, who was the former com mander of the Siberian military district. This is significant for one major reason, it is the post that places the Russian armed forces in direct connection and communication with the Asian powers, especially China. Under the Minister and General Makarov, there is a First Deputy Minister and a States Secretary for Defense.Under him is a woman, Lyubov Kudelina, who is in charge of the relationships between Finance and Defense. While the Minister himself is a former tax official, Mrs. Kudelina also worked at Finance and was deeply involved with tax collection. It would be noted that at the fall of the USSR between 1990 and 1993, tax collection almost completely bottomed out. The money and institutions for collection no longer functioned, and taxes were reduced to protection money from the local criminal gangs. Vladimir Putin, financed by oil money, reversed this trend.Hence, there should be no surprise that two major figures in the defense ministry have little military experience, but were both close to the financial and taxing apparatus (â€Å"Senior Officials,† 2009). Under the Defense Ministry’s Finance representative lies, not surprisingly, the chief of armaments, the chief of Logistics and another deputy minister. Since logistics and armaments procurement are costly productions, their subordination to the finance representative is no surprise. This structure seems eminently rational. It builds in inter-agency cooperation within the Defense Ministry itself especially within the all-important financial end.What is more important, however, is how the agency views itself, its mission and its role in the government. Like in the Belarussian case, the Russian Defense Ministry, in cooperation with the presidency and the ministry of finance, has developed a comprehensive understanding of itself in the world and in the Russian, and post-Soviet world. First and foremost, before any other consideration, the Ministry of Defense makes it clear that its numb er one priory in the defense of Russia is to maintain a high level of deterrence. It seeks to defend Russia by making any attack on it of painfully high cost.After this, combat readiness is the next priority, and within this priority is the concept of high mobility. Speed and the efficient use of resources is a major part of the Russian defense strategy. It is cheaper and more efficient to maintain small numbers of infantry, but backed by the highest in technology in terms of missile defense, the air corps and intelligence (â€Å"Development,† 2009). After this, three elements come into play: first, the nature of high-technology weapons, the war on terror and the protection of the environment.This latter even has its own office, under a General trained in economy, General Alevtin Yuruk in a rater unique arrangement where his office interfaces with the rest of the Russian government to loosen up funds and manpower to repair any environmental damage caused by the action of the armed forces, and most importantly, the safe keeping of the nuclear stockpile. After Chernobyl, the environment is more than just a saccharine slogan, it is a matter of life and death (â€Å"Environmental Protection,† 2009). But apart from the above strategic considerations, there is another, moral, sense of Russia’s defense ministry and its place in the world.The fall of the USSR made it clear that the Russian Federation was to recreate its mission, its identity and its interaction with the outside world. Hence, the ministry has, in communication with the past three presidents of the post USSR world, created a moral sense of itself, one based on the following ideas: a) the creation of a democratic international order where a few major powers do not control the world’s resources; b) force can be used only with the express permission of the UN c) forces worldwide should be decreased to a minimum and used solely for defense d) to create the infrastructure for Russ ia’s new mission as a major powere) international cooperation necessary for the war on terror, drugs and mafia activities f) co-operation, not confrontation wit the USA g) Asia is the future, and hence, building strong ties with China and Vietnam become of paramount importance (â€Å"Global Cooperation,† 2009). Several conclusions can be drawn from this. First, Russia clearly sees its defense role as a great power, not as a second tier force. Second, it seeks to create an international order based on equity, around the security council of the UN and its decisions where Russia has a veto. It sees China as central to its future security.And, lastly, it sees China, or more specifically the Russia-China Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) as a means of balancing its relations with the US, NATO and the EU. Hence, balance and cooperation over confrontation seems to be the theoretical grounding (â€Å"Global Cooperation† 2009). The mission of the Defense Department in Russia is mirrored by the two other agencies (other than finance, which are intertwined deliberately), the Presidency and the Foreign Ministry. In a speech dated January 18, 2009, Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov laid out the foreign policy goals of Russia, and these consist in the following ideas:a) the rebuilding of the financial system fo the globe on a more democratic basis. The Russian government has made clear that it is the â€Å"imbalance† of the system that caused the meltdown,. Too much mon3y in too few hands, both in terms of stats and individuals is the cause of the meltdown. The post-World War II system needs to be dismantled and rebuilt on an equitable basis. b) The unilateral recognition of the â€Å"independence† of Kosovo and the US/Israeli support of Georgian aggression against the Ossetians prove the need for a real democratic world order, not one controlled by the US and its few allies.Russian intervention to repel the Georgian invasion of Ossetia (who voted for independence and union with Russia) was meant to help create the infrastructure for a new international order, since Georgia would not have invaded had the US guaranteed diplomatic support. c) Lavrov states â€Å"the era of national egoism is over. † d) he seeks what he calls a â€Å"polycentric world order. † e) and, as seen above, cooperation with the EU is as important as cooperation with China. China is not mentioned in Lavrov’s speech, which is significant (Lavarov, 2008).On the other hand, the foreign policy concept of the Russian Presidency stresses China far more than the EU. Medvedev makes the claim that China is a major, if not the major, priority of Russian foreign policy. Polycentrism is again stressed, and again, that the imbalance of the world financial system–too much money in too few hands–is the cause of the recent meltdown. Lastly, the foreign policy ideas of the new president seek to establish strong environmental standards, energy security and a price structure that is fair and steady and that all economic growth be environmentally sustainable (Medvedev, 2008).Several things derive from this comparison: there may be a coalition of defense and Presidency against the foreign ministry over the issue of China. While it remains that President Medvedev and the Defense Ministry treat China as the number one priority (and several recent summits between Peking and Moscow over military matters reflects this), Lavarov seems to think that the EU should have this role. However, these agencies seem to have more in common than anything else, and these commonalities should be taken as basic ministerial policy: Russia as a great power, polycentricity, economic democracy and basic international equality.Conclusion: Comparison of Belarus and Russia in Defense Policy It does not take a genius to figure out that both Belarus and Russia are responding to American pressure and military adventurism. Both countries are threatened by American expansionism in both the economic and military spheres. Hence, their defense ministries reflect this. And of course, since Russia and Belarus are politically and ethnically connected, as well as vulnerable to American pressure, their defense policies will overlap in several areas.However, the size differences of Russia and Belarus will also be the cause of some differences in policy, especially since Belarus makes no claim to great power status, but in fact, would like to see the concept of â€Å"great powers† disappear. The main similarities of the two defense departments are their stress on international equity and polycentricity. The world order should reflect diversity in nations and interests, not the domination of the US and its allies in world politics and finance. Both ministries would like to see drastic reductions in the arms of the world, and arms to be used solely for defense, not for offense.Both ministries see a balanced foreign polic y as central: that Asia should be used to balance Europe and Europe to balance the US. Both Belarus and Russian military brass are visiting China and Venezuela on a regular basis, and both countries have signed arms deals with Peking and Caracas. Needless to say, this is a means of balancing US hegemony and the US involvement in Iraq, Africa and the Balkans. It might be surmised that the Belarusian ministry is purely military because Belarus is small and very vulnerable. Hence, the military forces must have direct access to state power in order to act quickly.This was made especially important when threats of invasion came from the McCain presidential camp. The Russians, less vulnerable to assault and attack, can afford some space between civilian and military personnel, though the second in command of the ministry in Russia is the chief of staff. It is curious that the Minister of Defense for Russia has little military experience, but much financial experience. This suggests that t he ministry really is designed to interface with the rest of the government to create an integral policy, while actual military decisions are in the hands of the second in command, General Makarov.This sort of interfacing is certainly a good beginning for further research in this field. References: This paper used mostly primary sources in its construction. The most important were: On Belarus: (www. mod. mil. by) Ministry of Defense. â€Å"Administrative Board. † Belarusian Defense Ministry Portal. 2009 Ministry of Defense. â€Å"Legislative Basis. † Belarusian Defense Ministry Portal. 2009 Ministry of Defense. â€Å"Military Doctrine of the Republic of Belarus. † Belarusian Defense Ministry Portal. 2009 Ministry of Defense. â€Å"The Bases of the Military Policy of the Republic of Belarus. † Belarusian Defense Ministry Portal.2009 International Monetary Fund. â€Å"The Republic of Belarus and the IMF. † Executive Board Consultation, 2009 One Secon dary Source: Global Security. â€Å"Ministry of Defense [of Belarus]. † In Defense Policy and Programs, 2008. (Globalsecurity. org) On Russia: Ministry of Defense. â€Å"Development. † In Military Insight. Published by the Russian Ministry of Defense, 2009 Ministry of Defense. â€Å"War on Terrorism. † In Military Insight. Published by the Russian Ministry of Defense, 2009 Ministry of Defense. â€Å"Global Cooperation† In Military Insight. Published by the Russian Ministry of Defense, 2009 Ministry of Defense.â€Å"Environmental Protection† In Military Insight. Published by the Russian Ministry of Defense, 2009 Medvedev, Dimitri. â€Å"Strengthening Dynamic Partnership with the Asia-Pacific Region. † In Articles of the President of Russia. (Kremlin. ru), 2008 Lavarov, Sergei. â€Å"Transcript of Remarks and Response to Questions by Russian Minister of Foreign Affairs Sergey Lavrov at Press Conference on 2008 Foreign Policy Outcomes. † MFA, January 16, 2009 Ministry of Defense. â€Å"Deputy Minister of Defense for Financial and economic Issues† In Senior Officials. Published by the Russian Ministry of Defense, 2009

Carried Along With the Crowd Essay Example

Carried Along With the Crowd Essay Example Carried Along With the Crowd Essay Carried Along With the Crowd Essay Essay Topic: The Things They Carried Remount yourself to 1692, to a small town in Massachusetts, USA, called Salem. Imagine all you believe is dictated by lies, weak arguments and evilness. Imagine you are accused of witchcraft and the town that saw you grow up, the town where your dreams and hopes where born, turns the back on you. Imagine, just for a moment, on having the power to decide peoples death, by just accusing them of something theyve never done. Imagine the ambition growing inside you. Imagine, being Abigail for a second, Was what she did justifiable? Is ambition stronger than a persons moral convictions and principles?   Do you rather have one innocent person die than watch ten suspected witches having their lives ended because of a misjudgment and false accusations? The line between truth and dishonesty is so thin and easily corrupted, sometimes people cannot see the difference, with an inaccurate and distorted vision of truth and reality, people can make huge mistakes, and be certain that what theyre doing is right. How can you know if youre doing the right thing. Conscience doesnt always speak loud enough for you to hear. It doesnt always show you the right way to go, sometimes, just as a result of following the crowd; you can make horrible mistakes, terminating the life of people that do not deserve it. This is exactly what happened in Salem, the town that inspired the novel The Crucible, where every person in town ended believing in the bad intentioned accusations Abigail Williams made, this girl was so intelligent, she convinced the people around her of her version of the truth and twisted the facts and history for her own convenience. Therefore, truth is distorted. Truth goes hand in hand with justice; justice is made by doing the right thing, following the truth. If the truth becomes indistinct, justice can easily be applied to the wrong people. She thinks to dance with me on my wifes grave! And well she might, for I thought of her softly. God help me, I lusted, and there is a promise in such sweat. But it is a whores vengeance, and you must see it (Act III) Here, Proctor makes his last attempt on saving his wifes life. This is a desperate seek for the real justice, based on the real truth. Sometimes, one cannot prove that one is telling the truth, and the impotent feeling urges your soul for the rest of your days. Justice is based also on our believes, on what we believe is the truth, by not having enough bases and proofs to make a fair trial, people seeked for theyre believes, a dogmatic truth. A fire, a fire is burning! I hear the boot of Lucifer, I see his filthy face! And it is my face and yours, Danforth! For them that quail to bring men out of ignorance, as I have quailed, and as you quail now when you know in all your black hearts that this be fraud- God damns our kind especially and we will burn, we will burn together! (Act III) Proctor answering Mary Warrens petition to help her save her life, he suddenly sees himself condemned for believing what is real and not being heard or noticed. All these people who found themselves in the same position as Proctor are faith defendants of innocence, but it was so hard back then to prove your innocence, I mean, How could you prove the opposite of an accusation if, your accusation had no more evidence than the words of a perturbed girl? I speak to my own sins; I cannot judge another. I have no tongue for it. John Proctor, being innocent of all accusations, in order to save his life, confesses witchcraft, yet refuses to accuse anyone else to maintain his freedom and innocence. He knows hes innocent, he knows hes fallen into Abigails trap, but he will not play her game, he refuses to make false and not proved accusations. The word for his actions is loyalty. He is loyal to his beliefs, loyal to his beloved. He feels a certain loyalty also towards the truth. Even in his moments of pure desperation and desolation, he doesnt leave his honor and loyalty aside. Let you not mistake your duty as I mistook my own. I came into this village like a bridegroom to his beloved, bearing gifts of high religion; the very crowns of holy law I brought, and what I touched with my bright confidence, it died; and where I turned the eye of my great faith, blood flowed up. (Act IV) Here, reverend Hale is attempting to make Elizabeth Proctor convince her husband to confess of witchcraft, trying to save more lives. In other words, he is telling her to be loyal to her beliefs, but to do all it takes to stay alive. See how, because of Abigails appalling dishonesty, people must leave aside theyre beliefs, sense of truth and anger and impotent feelings? The sense of betrayal leading to punishment has also to do with my thesis at the beginning. Betrayal is what Abigail practices with everybody she wishes. Her soul is so full of evil that she has no remorse or whatsoever when accusing. This makes all the supposed witches innocent and free of proofs that may say the opposite. When, weaker than her, Abigails friends and accomplices in her sins hesitate on theyre actions, Abigail threatens them and punishes theyre minds and thoughts. Everyone is so terrified of her; she has got all the power to herself. And mark this. Let either of you breathe a word, or the edge of a word, about the other things, and I will come to you in the black of some terrible night and I will bring a pointy reckoning that will shudder you. And you know I can do it; I saw Indians smash my dead parents heads on the pillow next to mine and I have seen some reddish work done at night, and I can make you wish you have never seen the sun go down! (Act I) She is secretly admitting her betrayal, her evilness, but she will not stop, or surrender, or hesitate about her decisions. By all of the above I can prove that, because of the loss of sense of truth and proofs to make a proper trial and sentence, it is preferable to let one innocent person die than to assassinate ten supposed witches. Ten souls full of resentment, anger, impotence. Quiet mouths screaming in pain to themselves, silent minds stormed with thoughts, not being able to prove theyre innocence. i Must ten accused of witchcraft be murdered because of a flaw of society? Because the crowd decided to believe in something as mean as lies and obscurity? It is relevant to point out how people, in order not to be accused of different can act in an irrational way. What we can do now is simply to question ourselves constantly our beliefs, our senses of truth, our moral convictions, because theres only one person needed to scatter sinfulness and amorality to convert a whole town, to disturb and distort entire generations, entire villages, entire countries. And you can some day find yourself in the position of the town people, Will you fall into Abigails death trap? Will you stand up for what you think is right? It is entirely up to you, one person can make the difference, even if he or she dies attempting.

Characteristics of Poor Teachers

Characteristics of Poor Teachers One would hope that all teachers would strive to be excellent, effective educators. However, education is just like any other profession. There are those who work extremely hard at their craft getting better on a daily basis and there are those that are just simply there never striving to improve. Even though this type of teacher is in the minority, just a handful of truly bad teachers can hurt the profession.   What qualities can deem a teacher ineffective or bad? There are many different factors  that can derail a teacher’s career. Here we discuss some of the most prevalent qualities of poor teachers.   Lack of Classroom Management A lack of classroom management is probably the single biggest downfall of a bad teacher. This issue can be the demise of any teacher no matter their intentions. If a teacher cannot control their students, they will not be able to teach them effectively. Being a good classroom manager starts on day one by incorporating simple procedures and expectations and then following through on predetermined consequences when those procedures and expectations are compromised.   Lack of Content Knowledge Most states require teachers to pass a comprehensive series of assessments to obtain certification within a specific subject area. With this requirement, you would think that all teachers would be proficient enough to teach the subject area(s) they were hired to teach. Unfortunately, there are some teachers who  do not know the content well enough to teach it. This is an area that could be overcome through preparation. All teachers should thoroughly prepare for any lesson  before they teach it to make sure they understand what they are going to be teaching. Teachers will lose credibility with their students quickly  if they do not know what they are teaching, thus making them ineffective. Lack of Organizational Skills Effective teachers must be organized. Teachers who lack organizational skills will be overwhelmed and, as a result, ineffective. Teachers who recognize a weakness in organization should seek help in improving in that area. Organizational skills can be improved with some good direction and advice. Lack of Professionalism Professionalism encompasses many different areas of teaching. A lack of professionalism can quickly result in a teacher’s dismissal. Ineffective teachers are often tardy or absent. They may fail to follow a districts dress code or use inappropriate language in their classroom.   Poor Judgment Too many good teachers have lost their careers due to a moment of poor judgment. Common sense goes a long way in protecting yourself from these sorts of scenarios. A good teacher will think before acting, even in moments where emotions or stressors are running high.   Poor People Skills Good communication  is essential in the teaching profession. An ineffective teacher communicates poorly, or not at all, with students, parents, other teachers, staff members, and administrators. They leave parents out of the loop about what is happening in the classroom.   Lack of Commitment   There are some teachers who simply lack motivation. They spend the minimum  amount of time necessary to do their  job never arriving early or staying late. They do not challenge their students, ​are often behind on grading, show videos often, and give â€Å"free† days on a regular basis. There is no creativity in their teaching, and they typically make no connections with other faculty or staff members. There is no such thing as a perfect teacher. It is in the nature of the profession to continuously improve in all areas, including classroom management, teaching style, communication, and subject area knowledge. What matters most is a commitment to improvement. If a teacher lacks this commitment, they may not be suited for the profession.

Database Manager for the Company Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Database Manager for the Company - Assignment Example If you have experience with databases and managing and creating them, this is a plus. If you know about MS Access, this is also a plus. If you are interested in this position, please send your resume and a cover letter to Sean Smith at hrcontact@daytranslations.com   I have been browsing for jobs online and I came across your advertisement for a Human Resources and Database Manager post. I am forwarding this letter to express my keen interest to be part of your company. Allow me to give you brief details as to how my experiences can contribute to Day Translations.   I am a freelance headhunter with a track record of almost a decade of dealing with a diverse clientele. My previous work experiences all allowed me to sharpen my skills in dealing with people from different backgrounds. My extensive work experience makes me well-versed with formal and idiomatic usage, and highly proficient in technical terminologies, of the English and French languages. My educational background also serves as a key foundation of my competencies. I have worked with computers for the past 5 years and am proficient in various software applications and computer operations.   I have also had the opportunity to function in both managerial and supervisory positions that involved the hiring of staff, interpersonal interviews, workflow and workforce management and supervision, as well as dealing and brainstorming with top management. My work as a freelance headhunter was mainly focused on recruitment of skilled individuals to fill in different positions in both small and large industries. This calls for resourcefulness, keen attention to detail and quality-output, ability to work under minimum supervision and provide timely resolution to clients concerns.

Brown Vs The Board Of Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Brown Vs The Board Of Education - Essay Example The deciding factors in this case not only concerned children and their education but was also influenced by the fact that there was a human tendency to prejudge and discriminate against others based on their ethnic or religious culture as well as their physical characteristics. The impact of the decision in this case was felt in many social situations and was not limited to education and children. Although Brown v Board of Education is widely recognised for the way that segregation in schools was overruled this was not the first legal challenge on such a policy. In 1849 the case of Roberts v City of Boston was brought by African Americans were racial segregation had been mandated in certain schools. Social reform and the Civil Rights Movement were a direct result of the Brown case and the notion of democracy was enforced as pertaining to all individuals. Although the decision in Brown was given in 1954 it was a further ten years before the ruling was applied in the Deep South. The i mpact of this delay is that male workers who finished their education before segregation was stopped were less well educated then those whose education occurred after desegregation. Although Brown is largely responsible for the abolition of racial disparities in schools these had already started to disappear twenty years before this case . Large scale desegregation in the Deep South did not take place until ten years after the decision in Brown and was part of the U S commission on Civil Rights 1967 .

LONG-TERM OBJECTIVES Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

LONG-TERM OBJECTIVES - Essay Example Executives of companies consider the long-term objectives before deciding the necessary organizational changes. Since objectives have timelines, they serve as guidelines for the organization to determine the strategies used to achieve them. Executive teams involved in strategic planning should differentiate between value disciplines, generic and grant strategies if they seek to gain competitive advantage. Notably, generic strategies denote the ideas that an organization can use to have an advantage over competitors in the market. Three different generic strategies exist. They include low-cost leadership, differentiation, and focus differentiation (Dye & Sibony, 2007). Low-cost leadership involves the reduction of the cost of production. Since a company registers lower production costs, it can offer standard products at relatively lower prices than competitors can. Differentiation involves the improvement of product features in an effort to add value to the customers. Differentiation may result in premium prices for the products. Focus differentiation targets a specific market segment. Companies that indulge in the focus differentiation design unique products that can satisfy the needs and expectations of an identified target market that can pay premium prices. On the other hand, value disciplines include operational excellence, customer intimacy, and product leadership. Finally, executives should give considerations to grant strategies, which denote the basic directions that they should follow in making strategic decisions (Ali, 2014). Understanding the difference between value disciplines, generic and grant strategies are of critical importance when companies seek to gain competitive