A Cristmas Carrol Essay Example

A Cristmas Carrol Essay Example A Cristmas Carrol Essay A Cristmas Carrol Essay The apparition of Christmas present is the close to visit and shows penny pincher sway Cratchits family on Christmas day And now two littler Cratchits came in, shouting that outside the patrons they had smelt goose and known it for there own and lolling in lavish considerations of sage and onions these youthful Cratchits moved around the table this shows the Cratchit family appreciate being around one another and love one and other. The watchwords that show this are these youthful Cratchits moved around the table. this causes the peruser to feel that the Cratchit family are a caring family and in light of the fact that there poor doesnt mean they cannot be glad. The apparition additionally shows miser two kids that have kicked the bucket from starvation. This was intended to stun miser and the peruser into wishing they had accomplished more to support poor people. The following apparition is the phantom of Christmas yet to come. He shows miser his future, on the off chance that he caries on being mean, the apparition gives him that he will wind up with no family incredible old desolate man. Miser is stunned to see that when hes dead nobody cares and the poor take his things. Ha giggled a similar lady when old Joe delivered a fanal sack with cash in it told out there a few increases upon the ground. This is the finish of it you see he scared everybody away when he was alive to benefit us when he was dead! Ha. This statement shows that when tightwad is dead individuals are bringing in cash off of scrooges assets this makes penny pincher annoyed and distraught, he feels this is unjustifiable. The watchwords that show this are old Joe delivered a pack with cash. This causes the peruser to feel that miser merits it for not offering cash to the poor when penny pincher was alive. The wealthy in 1842 would have been frightened of this transpiring. Dickens needed to stun the peruser and make them change there ways in light of the fact that lone the rich would have had the option to peruse in 1842. In the wake of being visited by the apparitions tightwad improved his ways, numerous individuals in the wake of perusing dickens book turned out to be increasingly astute. In the novel dickens illustrates what it resembled for both rich and needy individuals in Victorian occasions. The subjects in the novel are still in our general public today voracity and love. At Christmas individuals in todays society are increasingly made a fuss over presents under the Christmas tree than family.

Hamlet the Passive Intellect

The activities and occasions in Shakespeare’s Hamlet rotate around Hamlet’s latency. Decisively, consistent idea, and interior thought, the plot would continue straightforwardly from Hamlet’s meeting with the Ghost to his homicide of Claudius. Hamlet’s philosophical strifeheightens a mind-blowing intricacy issues and increases the profundity of his situation. Hamlet’s over-intellectualization combined with his latent inclinations incapacitates his capacity to act, securing him his very own unpreventable jail internal awareness. Hamlet's over-intellectualization starts with his scrutinizing of the apparition's character. At the point when previously told by Horatio that the apparition of his dad frequents the bulwarks, Hamlet examines him fanatically to acquire each important detail to fulfill his scholarly interest. Heâ firesâ a volley of inquiries at Horatio, extending from whether his face is â€Å"pale or red† to what extent it â€Å"fixed eyes upon [Horatio]† (1. 2. 250). His craving to scatter vulnerability and further his insight raises in the physical experience with the apparition. As opposed to tolerating his vision for without a doubt, Hamlet looks at the legitimacy of his recognitions by discussing whether the phantom of â€Å"a faulty shape† is â€Å"wicked or charitable† (1. . 45-46). Hamlet at first articulates to the apparition that he will â€Å"wipe away all insignificant, affectionate records, all observed of books, all structures, all weights past, that adolescent and perception replicated there,† pronouncing his goals to act (1. 4. 108). Be th at as it may, when he reconvenes with his companions, he begs them â€Å"never make recognized what you have seen tonight† (1. 5. 160). Rather than looking for a quick aggregate activity to vindicate his father’s â€Å"unnatural murder,† he decides to delay the procedure to devise a detailed plan inside his own brain. He prevents actionâ€be it his friends’ or his ownâ€to mull over the ramifications of his experience. He closes by reviling the way that he â€Å"was destined to set it right†Ã¢ â (1. 5. 211). The ghost’s disclosure places him in a position where he should be the specialist of activity, whose dutiful obligation is to influence equity and murder Claudius. Hamlet’s quandary, at that point, comes from the need to turn into an avenging child while being a normally latent scholarly. Hamlet tends to his issue in more noteworthy profundity by taking part in a thorough, scholarly procedure, which incidentally propagates the endless loop of inertia. In his discussion with Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, he admits, â€Å"thinking makes it so. To me it is a prison† (2. 2. 270). Hamlet ends up detained by his keenness, as he â€Å"must like a prostitute unload [his] heart with words† (2. 2. 614). He can't act by heart since he is bound to â€Å"unpack† his activities with reason first. He upbraids himself as â€Å"a rebel and laborer slave† and â€Å"John-a-fantasy, unpregnant of my motivation, and can say nothing† (2. 2. 576-595). Hamlet perceives that he isn't making any conclusive move to obediently retaliate for his father’s passing in remaining inside his usual range of familiarity of intellectualism. As he explains and investigates his contention of still, small voice, he closes, â€Å"Thus inner voice makes weaklings of all of us and in this manner the local shade of goals is sicklied o’er with the pale cast of thought, and ventures of extraordinary pitch and moment†¦lose the name of activity (3. 1. 91-96). Hamlet reaffirms that his steady lecturing and philosophizing hinder the very activity he takes a stab at. The inflexible conflict between his inclination for stationary examinations and the obedient basic to effectively look for vengeance brings about such solid sentiments of self-hatred that he considers â€Å"shuffl[ing] off the human coil† (3. . 75). Ending it all would proactively end his misery, however he problematizes even that chance as an unsatisfactory offense against â€Å"[God’s] canon ‘gainst self-butcher! † (1. 2. 136). Unexpectedly, this very speech gave to thinking about his lack of involvement encapsulates his inacti on; as opposed to concocting practical answers for end his issue, he investigates and flounders in self centeredness, which thusly worsens the force of his problem. Hamlet is so distracted with the tremendous scholarly action in his mind that he stops himself from all activity in the outside world.

How to Use Personal Essay Topics For College Applications

How to Use Personal Essay Topics For College ApplicationsSome students are looking for essay topics for college applications. Although the essay can serve to articulate a particular opinion, it is not always an appropriate vehicle for a student to explore an issue with a detailed analysis. If you are in a situation where your opinion is not so much expressed as reinforced by you, then you may wish to express your views on a variety of more neutral topics. Here are some examples of topics that could serve as excellent essays to write about.The first two personal essay topics for college applications should be fairly self-explanatory. Writing about a topic that will interest other students and thereby increase your chances of being interviewed for an interview is an excellent way to stand out from the crowd. It is also possible to use this as a way to say something about yourself. Whether you feel more comfortable writing about yourself or another person will depend on how you feel abo ut the topic in general.It is important to realize that there are many writers who do not enjoy writing essays because they are less inclined toward personal expression. You can find writers who are able to describe their day, but their day usually consists of very impersonal activities. A lot of personal essay topics for college applications focus on mundane aspects of a student's life, such as religion, hobbies, or family.Another type of topic that is good for writing personal essay topics for college applications is the type of business that you work in. If you work in a particular field, you might find it particularly interesting to describe your job experience, since many employers these days prefer to hire people who have had some experience in that particular field. This will also help your employer to understand why you are considered a great candidate for the position, since they will know that you were able to demonstrate a level of expertise in your current career.Persona l essay topics for college applications can also focus on issues relating to your school or institution. Even if you have a ton of experience in college, you might want to express some of the things that you have learned. In some cases, a student's experiences at school will stand out even when he or she has taken courses that are related to the course that the student is applying for. You might even be able to express your opinion on any number of subjects, which would be a valuable asset to your application.Personal essay topics for college applications can also be written about you. The good thing about being honest about yourself is that it gives your application a kind of authenticity. In addition, it will reflect positively on your character, and it is not uncommon for applications to be rejected based solely on a letter from a parent or a professor citing a student's poor behavior.Finally, personal essay topics for college applications can be written about individuals who are of interest to you. They could be people who live close to you, people who attended your high school, or people who are either very familiar with you or have knowledge about you that you do not. While it is important that you avoid becoming too personal in writing about any of these individuals, if you do happen to come across someone that you find particularly interesting, it is important to express your admiration for them, and this can be a very powerful way to show what an outstanding person you are.By no means is there any single perfect way to write about topics for your personal essay topics for college applications. It is all about your own preferences, and it is important to consider whether writing about yourself, someone else, or even a topic that is not necessarily that important to you will be a hindrance to your ability to get into college. Of course, personal essay topics for college applications are not going to affect whether or not you get into college, but it is a good idea to look at them carefully in order to get the most out of your efforts.

Case Study 7 - 1141 Words

Case Study 7.1 Patrick Anderson Grand Canyon University: ADM 624 July 24, 2013 1. Aravind is successful because each organizational component directly addresses the organization’s mission. Discuss. Aravind is highly successful because each component adheres to core mission where spirituality and humanity supersedes capitalism and profits. Aravind Eye Care System founder, Dr. Gouindappa Venkataswamy, warmly known as Dr. V, decided that in the developing country of India the government alone could not encounter the health needs of the population of the country. In a country where 12 million individuals are blind, the vast majority suffered from cataracts†¦show more content†¦The answer is a matrix of functions across product divisions. The entire Aravind Eye Care System encompasses five hospitals, a manufacturing center for ophthalmic products, an international research foundation and a resource and training center that is revolutionizing hundreds of eye care programs across the developing world (healthmarketinnovators.org). The matrix approach o nce implemented properly, this approach will produce constant time-to-market laterally with product excellence and the dismissal of product line redundancies within the organization at Aravind. Under these conditions, the patient is healthier assisted with a matrix approach. Therefore, leadership must elucidate positions, and responsibilities, established priorities, streamline processes, recompense collaboration and reject the silos as well as the command-and-controllers. 4. What are the advantages for a nonprofit to be self-sustaining? A nonprofit organization (NPO), can be self-sustaining by adhering to some very simple rules. A nonprofit is described as an organization that â€Å"Operates for the common good and not for generating individual wealth: does not distribute its profits to individuals who control the organization such as its members, officers, directors, or trustees. While a non-profit organization can make a profit, the profit it earns must be used toward the core missions of the organization and not towards any personal benefits† (Bennett, 2013). One of the enormous challenges that aShow MoreRelatedCis 417 Week 7 Case Study 3 Casey Anthony Trial655 Words   |  3 PagesCIS 417 WEEK 7 CASE STUDY 3 CASEY ANTHONY TRIAL To purchase this visit here: http://www.activitymode.com/product/cis-417-week-7-case-study-3-casey-anthony-trial/ Contact us at: SUPPORT@ACTIVITYMODE.COM CIS 417 WEEK 7 CASE STUDY 3 – CASEY ANTHONY TRIAL On July 5, 2011, Casey Anthony was found not guilty of first-degree murder in the 2008 death of her daughter, Caylee. Further research this incident using quality and reputable resources. Write a two to three (2-3) page paper in which you: Read More7 Eleven Case Study4490 Words   |  18 PagesIntroduction Context 7-Eleven has been founded in the late 20s in Dallas Texas. After years of substantial growth, a Japanese company gained control in 1991. Over the years it has developed an extensive franchise network. This makes 7-Eleven the world’s largest franchisor, currently operating over 50,000 outlets. (7-11 around the, 2013) There is an important difference between the strategies of 7-Eleven Japan and 7-Eleven USA. Due to the high-population density in Japan, 7-Eleven Japan makes useRead More7 Eleven Case Study13121 Words   |  53 Pagesnow have over 10,000 stores in Japan. In restructuring our convenience store business, it has become necessary to implement consolidated management of both our domestic and international convenience store businesses, such as that of our US subsidiary, 7-Eleven, Inc. 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And it is set up its first store in Tokyo in May 1974, it was found by Masatoshi Ito, the company was first listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange in October 1979 It had increased its share of the convenience shore market since it opened. It success is greatly contributed to its careful planning, and its information system as well as distribution system. Q1 A convenience store chainRead MoreMis 7-Eleven Case Study4663 Words   |  19 PagesSystems BUA5MIS Case Study No. 1 - 7 - Eleven Kimberley McGinnes, Shaun Brooks, Rohan Malhotra Siddhartha Khoba 7 - Eleven Management Information Systems - 7 - Eleven Store Mini Case Overview of 7 - Eleven. 7 - Eleven commenced operation on 11th July 1927 in Dallas Texas and has gone on to be an industry leader for more than 40 years (http://www.rimag.com). Originally the stores operated from 7am to 11pm, a trading span that was unheard of at the time. 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Looking at the joint venture agreement the first thing that is apparent is that the investors see their ownership of the company decreased from 49% to 32% which means less control of the company. On top of that, pre-venture Investors’ opinion was more important due to their ownership stake, but now they are the third actors within SIL. Looking at exhibit 8, we see that the newly formed executive committee does not include the investors, therefore it seems clear that from an

The Wall Street Bailout And Free Of Public Colleges And...

Bernie Sanders wanted to â€Å"†¦make tuition free at public colleges and universities throughout the country† (Sanders), but in his thirty-second commercial he didn’t have the time to mention how he planned to have Wall Street banks pay for it. His idea to cover the costs of these changes to student tuition was to impose a minuscule tax on Wall Street speculator trades. Sanders declares, â€Å"If the taxpayers of this country could bailout Wall Street in 2008, we can make public colleges and universities tuition free and debt free throughout the country† (Sanders). Of course those two entities, the Wall Street bailout and free education are completely unrelated, but Bernie wants to bring them together. His reasoning is that the American public, who suffers from enormous education costs, was forced to pay, involuntarily via their tax money, to save the all-mighty banks from their corrupt dealings in 2008 with a publicly ill-supported bailout, now, he sugges ts, it’s time for the banks to return the favor, via small taxes on their trades, and help us citizens get educated to expand the country’s economy. That seems like a sound and logical plan. In support of this idea, we find many major countries are already doing exactly as he proposed and succeeding quite well according to Senator Sanders who pronounces, â€Å"†¦some 40 countries throughout the world have imposed a similar tax including Britain, Germany, France, Switzerland, and China† (Sanders). Even with this strong empirical evidenceShow MoreRelatedBook Review of Sandal1245 Words   |  5 Pagesutility or by securing freedom of choice (Sandal 261). 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Hartley Cleveland State University JOHN WILEY SONS, INC. VICE PRESIDENT PUBLISHER EXECUTIVE EDITOR ASSISTANT EDITOR PRODUCTION MANAGER PRODUCTION ASSISTANT EXECUTIVE MARKETING MANAGER ASSISTANT MARKETING MANAGER MARKETING ASSISTANT DESIGN DIRECTOR SENIOR DESIGNER SENIOR MEDIA EDITOR George Hoffman Lise Johnson Carissa Doshi Dorothy Sinclair Matt Winslow Amy Scholz Carly DeCandia

Business Environment Supply Chain Integration - 3067 Words

Student ID: 34068643 MSCI281 Introduction To survive and being success in modern business environment, focusing on supply chain management has become one of the popular ways to increase competitiveness among organizations. According to Lambert and Cooper (2000, as cited in Flynn, Huo and Zhao, 2008), organization has started to rethink the importance of cooperative, mutually, and beneficial supply chain partnerships due to the fierce competition among organization nowadays. In order to increase the efficiency and effectiveness, outsourcing has been commonly used among business, which means companies will allocate part of their production process to a third-party logistics and fourth party logistics (3PL4PL) rather than finishing the†¦show more content†¦Referring to Flynn, Huo and Zhao (2008) research, they suggested supply chain integration is the process of organizations strategically collaborates with their supply chain partners and managing inter and intra organization?s processes. In addition, Prabir K. Bagchi and others (2005), claimed that ?supply chain integration is the comprehensive collaboration among supply chain network members in strategic, tactical and operational decision-making?. (Prabir L. Bagchi et al.) By reviewing these definitions, supply chain integration can be known as the collaboration of the organization and their supply chain partners by using strategic, tactical and operational management. The main purpose of applying supply chain integration is to have an efficient and effective production process of products in different, aspects, such as cost, information, and decision-making (Bowersox et al., 1999; Frohlich and Westbrook, 2001; Naylor et al., 1999 as cited in Flynn, Huo and Zhao, 2008) and aim to improve service capabilities at lower supply chain cost. (Ragatz et al, 1997, as cited in Fylnn, Huo and Zhao, 2008) Based on their papers, it suggested that firms with highly supply chain integration can be more reactive to unstable demand by higher information visibi lity and knowledge between organisations. Also, it also pointed out that the net costs can also be reduced through interlocking the supply chain. GrahamShow MoreRelatedAn Effective Supply Chain Management1631 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction An effective supply chain management is critical to success in today’s business environment where competition, risk and uncertainty are challenging. Ahenkora and Peasah (2011, p.278) state that ‘the need to deliver on clear strategic choices in today’s hypercompetitive business and uncertain environment is greater than ever’. Electrolux, one of the major players in the home appliances industry, has modified its strategy over the years, adapting its business to new business requirements andRead MoreA Theoretical Link Between Scm And Ssme1438 Words   |  6 Pagescollaboration. No wonder companies that collaborate effectively across the supply chain have enjoyed dramatic reductions in inventories and costs, together with improvements in speed, service levels, and customer satisfaction (Luis B., Verda E. Daniel S., 2012). Collaboration is an important characteristics for people in the supply chain industry to create more shared values than those who don’t collaborate. In the supply chain, suppliers are able to provide sufficient raw materials, manufacturersRead MoreSuppliers And Supply Chain Management1580 Words   |  7 Pages-2 ASSIGNMENT #1:Suppliers and Supply chain management Submitted by Vishnu Gandhamaneni Student Id: 30129773 LECTURER TUTOR: Mr. Gopi Krishna Akella â€Æ' Table of content 1.Abstract 3 2.Introduction 3 3.Basic principles of SCM 4 4.Advantages of SCM 4 5.Problems on SCM 5 6.Solutions of SCM 5 7.Case study description 6 8.Conclusion 8 9.References 9â€Æ' A Complete Study of Suppliers and Supply Chain Management in E-Commerce Vishnu GandhamaneniRead MoreSupply Chain Standards For Supply Chains1564 Words   |  7 PagesSetting Supply Chain Standards to Improve Supply Chain Management In 2002 congress considered legislation authorizing $47 million to help develop supply chain integration standards. Since the introduction of the bill to integrate supply chains, The legislation, The Enterprise Integration Act of 2002, was enacted to authorize the National Institute of Standard and Technology to work with major manufacturing industries on an initiative of standards development and implementation for electronic enterpriseRead MoreProcess Flow Supply Chain Management1528 Words   |  7 Pageshead: PROCESS FLOW: SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT PROCESS FLOW: SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT AND ELECTRONIC DATA INTERCHANGE (EDI) Clifford Butler Operation Management November 1, 2009 Table of Contents Abstract†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..4 The Internet-based supply chain system for mass customized markets†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..4 The role of electronic data interchange (EDI) and the Internet in supply chain integration..†¦...5 Why do theRead MoreFord Motor Company1426 Words   |  6 PagesFord Motor Company Supply Chain Strategy Background In 1913, Henry Ford revolutionized product manufacturing by introducing the first assembly line to the automotive industry. Ford s hallmark of achievement proved to be a key competence for the motor company as the low cost of the Model T attracted a broader, new range of prospective car-owners. However, after many decades of success, customers have become harder to find. Due to relatively new threats to the industry, increasing numbersRead MoreThe Current Scenario And Economy Of China1304 Words   |  6 Pagesinventories keeping in the warehouses is very expensive, quality not in control and replacement parts, Somerset Furniture should review the current scenario and economy of China. Meaning, the issues relating not only their man-power but also their business and environment policies must be reviewed. If the company plans to manufacture their products in China, the company should consider the product life cycle. Basically, the launch phase will tend to see the new product, produced in the economy where the productRead MoreGiant832 Words   |  4 Pagesproductions at the fewest possible prices. As its reputation growth, so they did business like hypermarket. Which acquired Giant in 1999, recognizationed that the Giant s key to success had been them can be ability to continuously offer value for business money products. It retained their core principle even as it began transformed Giant hypermarket into a national and international brand for hypermarket. 1.1 Operating Environment in Giant hypermarket Giant s comes from the pricing strategy - allRead MoreAir Force Supply Chain Management791 Words   |  4 PagesAir Force Supply Chain Management Michelle Wilson University of Phoenix Operations Management MGT 554 GA04MBA09 John Salvagno Oct 09, 2005 Air Force Supply Chain Management Existing Supply Chain Supply chain management systems are designed to take care of the logistics end of the product distribution cycleÂâ€"i.e., making sure that the order from the retailer for 500 gizmos arrives at the retailer in time for the weekend sale. Getting the information from the supply chain system backRead More Ford Motor Company Supply Chain Strategy Essay1397 Words   |  6 PagesFord Motor Company Supply Chain Strategy Background In 1913, Henry Ford revolutionized product manufacturing by introducing the first assembly line to the automotive industry. Ford’s hallmark of achievement proved to be a key competence for the motor company as the low cost of the Model T attracted a broader, new range of prospective car-owners. However, after many decades of success, customers have become harder to find. Due to relatively new threats to the industry, increasing numbers of

Effects of Climate Change on Buried Structures Free-Samples

Question: Discuss about the Effects of Climate Change on Buried Structures. Answer: Introduction There are different types of buried structures including culverts, underground storage tanks, pipelines, tunnels, conduits and reservoirs, among others (Exponent, (n.d.)). These structures are made of different materials and they serve a wide range of purposes (Minnesota Department of Transportation, 2013). Most buried structures are designed to carry vertical loads. The structural soundness of these structures can be affected by several factors such as site conditions, soil characteristics, weather, and seismic effects, among others (Anderson, 2008). Climate change is a relatively new factor that is affecting buried structures. Climate change is a global problem and its effects and threats are being witnessed everywhere. The overall effects and threats of climate change include: higher temperatures, rising sea level, changing wildlife habitat and landscape, increased risk of floods, droughts and storms, precipitation patterns change, stronger and intense hurricanes, more heat waves, reduced snow cover, and ocean acidification, among others (NASA, 2017; The Nature Conservancy, 2017). In general, climate change is continuing to threaten present and future generations and is now affecting both aboveground and buried structures. Problem definition The effects of climate change cannot be overemphasized. Over the past few decades, climate change has significantly affected human life and has become a big threat to future generations. The climate change is not only affecting natural ecosystems but also manmade structures and built environment. By and large, many people have concentrated on investigating effects of climate change on aboveground structures. However, climate change has intensified significantly and is now causing immense effects on buried structures. As climate change intensifies, its effects on buried structures are also expected to augment. This is very perilous because the integrity of the buried structures may be compromised unknowingly resulting to unexpected failure of these structures. If this happens, it can lead to deaths, injuries, property damage and a lot of inconveniences to human life. Therefore it is important to understand the effects of buried structures so as to identify appropriate techniques of im proving the integrity of these structures throughout their service life. Goals and Objectives The objectives of this study are to: Establish how various factors of climate change affect buried structures Determine appropriate mechanisms that can be used to prevent buried structures from being significantly affected by climate change. The goal of this study is to have a better understanding of how climate change affects buried structures and put in place measures that will prevent or mitigate these effects. It is worth noting that climate change is a very big issue affecting all part of the world. As the world makes efforts to solve this problem, it is also important to consider how buried structures are affected by this particular problem and so as to developed suitable solutions. This will help in stopping preventable deaths, injuries and property damages, and also improve peoples quality of life. Literature Review Climate change has a huge impact on infrastructure, both underground and aboveground (GlobalChange.gov, 2014). One of the reasons why there has been less attention about the effects of climate change on buried structures is because these structures are not visible to everybody. For instance, people in urban areas use water daily but they do not think about how this water is supplied to them via underground pipes, which are buried structures. Paying little attention to effects of climate change on buried structures is very dangerous these structures can deteriorate over time and fail quicker than it was anticipated by authorities responsible for managing and maintaining them. Buried structures are made of different materials including concrete, metal, plastics, wood, and composites, among others. These materials are vulnerable to a variety of factors resulting from climate change such as extreme heat waves and temperature, ocean acidification, frequent floods and erosion, and stronger and more intense hurricanes, among others. When heat waves and temperatures are very high, this is also felt underground. It results to abnormal softening and expansion that causes cracks and weakening of buried structures. The highly acidic waters from oceans find their ways into underground water that come in contact with buried structures thus deteriorating their integrity and durability. Frequent floods can affect buried structures by causing landslides, creating weak points underground and washing these structures away (Didier, 2014). The floods can also wash away the top soil to cause erosion thus exposing buried structures to devastating environmental effects (U.S. En vironmental Protection Agency, 2016). Climate change can also affect water table, which has numerous negative effects on the stability of buried structures. Last but not least, stronger and more intense hurricanes can shake and vibrate buried structures, which weaken them and lead to structural failure. In general, climate change causes corrosion, cracking, chloride attacks, carbonation, vibration and overall deterioration of buried structures (Wang et al., 2010). Methodology This research will adopt mixed methods research design. The main reason for this is because it will require to collect both qualitative and quantitative data so as to have a better understanding of how climate change affects buried structures. The data will be collected through observations, case studies and longitudinal studies. The data collected will be analyzed using descriptive statistics, and qualitative quantitative techniques. Various signs and threats of climate change will be analyzed and their potential effects on buried structures established. Cases studies of failure of buried structures will also be investigated so as to identify any links with climate change effects. Also, durability of buried structures will be comprehensively investigated so as to establish if it is in any way affected by climate change. Results and General Discussions on Poential Solution In terms of safety of users of buried structures, the general public and the environment, there is great need for stakeholders involved in the design, construction, management and maintenance of buried structures to consider the effects of climate change on these structures. Climate change has direct or indirect effects on the structural integrity and/or soundness, safety and durability of buried structures. If not properly considered, buried structures may not be able to perform their functions as intended throughout their service life due to effects of climate change. Therefore it is important for relevant stakeholders to ensure that they consider the effects of climate change when planning, designing, constructing, operating/managing and maintaining buried structures. Conclusion The effects of climate change on aboveground and buried structures cannot be overlooked nor overemphasized. Climate change is become a global problem that is threating the lives of living things and the endurance of non-living things. Exploring the effects of climate change on buried structures is a very crucial study because these structures are very essential to human life and the environment as a whole. If the effects of climate change on buried structures are properly investigated and understood, it becomes easier for relevant stakeholders to put in place measures that will prevent these effects from compromising the quality, safety, integrity and durability of buried structures. Thus this study will play a key role in improving the structural soundness, integrity, safety, durability and capability of buried structures to perform intended functions during their entire service life irrespective of effects of climate change. As a result of this, the quality of human life will impro ve. References Anderson, D.G. (2008) Seismic Analysis and Design of Retaining Walls, Buried Structures, Slopes, and Embankments. Washington, DC: Transportation Research Board. Didier, C. 92014) Impact of climate change on the stability of underground shallow cavities. The case of a tragedy in France in relation with the Seine flooding in 1910. ISRM International Symposium 2010 and 6. Asian Rock Mechanics Symposium Advances in Rock Engineering, October 2010, New Delhi, India. Exponent (n.d.) Buried Structures [Online]. Available: https://www.exponent.com/services/practices/engineering/civil-engineering/capabilities/geotechnical/buried-structures/?serviceId=d6b0f579-df4c-40d2-ae1f-72cfe16050d7loadAllByPageSize=trueknowledgePageSize=3knowledgePageNum=0newseventPageSize=3newseventPageNum=0showAllProfessionals=2 [Accessed April 22, 2017]. GlobalChange.gov (2014) Infrastructure [Online]. Available: https://nca2014.globalchange.gov/highlights/report-findings/infrastructure [Accessed April 22, 2017]. Minnesota Department of Transportation (2013) LRFD Bridge Design. Minnesota: Minnesota Department of Transportation. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) (2017) Evidence Climate change: how do we know? [Online]. Available: https://climate.nasa.gov/evidence/ [Accessed April 22, 2017] The Nature Conservancy (2017) Climate Change Threats and Solutions [Online]. Available: https://www.nature.org/ourinitiatives/urgentissues/global-warming-climate-change/threats-solutions/ [Accessed April 22, 2017]. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (2016) Climate Impacts on Transportation [Online]. Available: https://www.epa.gov/climate-impacts/climate-impacts-transportation [Accessed April 22, 2017]. Wang, X., Nguyen, M., Stewart, M.G., Syme, M. and Leitch, A. (2010) Analysis of Climate Change Impacts on the Deterioration of Concrete Infrastructure Part 1: Mechanisms, Practices, Modelling and Simulations A Review. Canberra: CSIRO

Beowulf vs. the Knight in Canterburry Tales essays

Beowulf vs. the Knight in Canterburry Tales essays Heroes have amazing qualities that make them extraordinary people. Many types of heroes live in the world: men, women, children, or even next-door neighbors. Both Beowulf and the Knight act heroically, each in their own way. Heroes usually have an abundance of strength, and act as great warriors. They risk their lives for a cause. For example, a general of an army is a strong warrior and a hero, because he does anything for his men. The firefighters on September 11th acted like heroes. They climbed the stairs of the tower though they knew they probably wouldnt come down, because they understood that their job required them to help people. Heroes, like the ones just mentioned, do not always benefit from what they do. Heroes usually have ethics and honesty, with a high moral conviction. They tend to obey a higher law. For example, William Wallace, the man who died helping the Scottish fight the British, had a strong faith in G-d and admirable ethics. Believing in G-d helps a hero, because he realizes his weaknesses, so he might as well help society. The hero says to himself G-d put me on this planet to live His way, and I am nothing compared to Him, so I should help other people. Heroes often do not quite fit into normal society. This helps them perceive wrong. They do not live normal lives. They usually always work for a cause. They live alone, and sacrifice a social life for what they believe in. Often when a great peril threatens society, the hero takes a vital role. It may involve a trial from which the hero must emerge on a higher level. For example, Harry Potter often faces a problem, which, while trying to solve, makes him into a better person. Heroes should also have confidence. A hero should possess bravery and courage, but it may damage him to have too much confidece. Arrogance could hurt a warrior, because he may think he could win a battle when he should really back off. This shows why he...

15 Adorable Dog Quotes

15 Adorable Dog Quotes Ever wonder why dogs and puppies are considered cute animals, while a snake or a bat dont necessarily evoke the same emotion within us? Why do some people prefer to keep cats than mice? While dogs have been known to be mans best friend since the beginning of civilization, their cuteness is natures way of endearing them to humans. Evolution has wired humans in such a way that humans find their own offspring cute. The big head, big round eyes, and tiny limbs, and toothless grin of a little baby look so cute to us that parents would happily nurse their babies till they grow up. In 1943,  ethologist Konrad Lorenz in his  research proposed his theory about  baby schema, the science behind cuteness in animals. The baby schema is a set of infantile features that are perceived as cute and motivates caretaking behavior in humans. By the same logic, animals that have  physical features that fit human parameters of cuteness- large head, big eyes, chubby cheeks, tiny body, and the like- trigger the protective instinct. In medical terms, it is the baby schema that activates the  mesocorticolimbic  pathway of our neurological system, which activates the caretaking instincts in humans. So if you find dogs cute, that is only  because nature has designed us to want to extend our caring love towards dogs and puppies. If you love dogs, here are 15 cute dog quotes. Share them with your dog and watch him wag his tail in agreement. Mark Twain If you pick up a starving dog and make him prosperous, he will not bite you; that is the principal difference between a dog and a man. Josh Billings A dog is the only thing on earth that will love you more than you love yourself. Ann Landers Dont accept your dogs admiration as conclusive evidence that you are wonderful. Jonathan Safran Foer Why does watching a dog be a dog fill one with happiness? Kristan Higgins When an eighty-five-pound mammal licks your tears away, then tries to sit on your lap, it’s hard to feel sad. Charles M. Schulz Happiness is a warm puppy. Phil Pastoret If you think dogs can’t count, try putting three dog biscuits in your pocket and then giving Fido only two of them. Gilda Radner I think dogs are the most amazing creatures; they give unconditional love. For me, they are the role model for being alive. Edith Wharton My little dog- a heartbeat at my feet. Abraham Lincoln I care not for a mans religion whose dog and cat are not the better for it. Henry David Thoreau When a dog runs at you, whistle for him. Roger Caras Dogs are not our whole life, but they make our lives whole. Ben Williams There is no psychiatrist in the world like a puppy licking your face. J. R. Ackerley A dog has one aim in life... to bestow his heart. Karel Capek If dogs could talk, perhaps we would find it as hard to get along with them as we do with people.

Tootsie Roll Industries Inc. Loan Package Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Tootsie Roll Industries Inc. Loan Package - Essay Example Tootsie Roll Industries has a great pool of working capitol. In many cases companies can borrow money cheaper than spending their working capitol. As an example if the 10% increase in liabilities for Tootsie Rolls Industries costs them less in interest than the money will generate in revenue, then the investment is well worth the increase. On the other hand, if the increase in revenue generated is projected to be less than the 10% increase in liabilities than Tootsie Roll Industries would be better served looking for other funding sources. The following proposal justifies the loan for expansion inside our Tootsie Roll Industries and increase total liabilities by 10%. We are expanding our current Tootsie Roll candies by creating a â€Å"mini† Tootsie Roll with a dark chocolate center. Product studies show that this new product is very popular among test sites. By re-directing a portion of our high volume sales to major distributors whose sales have remained on par or below average per quarter since 2010, we can increase total revenue and re-branding of our Tootsie Roll products. The candy industry market is saturated and very competitive. Large end competitors produce high volume candies and distribute to wholesale distributors for average profit. Our goal is to target the customers who also purchase the wildly popular Tootsie Roll product by adding a new dimension and re-energizing our existing customer base and introducing new customers with this product line. The loan provides the additional revenue required to produce the new product at low costs and distributed to targeted distributors for sale. By creating a new product and re-energizing our existing customer base, we will grow our brand while delivering high quality candies. The change in strategy increases revenue, generates more tax dollars, and expands the Tootsie Roll brand into the next century. As noted the loan will be implemented for

Targeted Messaging Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Targeted Messaging - Essay Example )Based on this assumption, if we analyze the messages of these two magazines, they are more titled towards women prima facie however; underlying themes or objectives of these messages are based on attracting men and playing with their psychology. Studies indicate that media messages flashed across to the target audience help gender related activities to become prominent. A study based on women indicated that women even learn before their marriage, the overall mechanics of the wedding and how this is going to affect them. (Daws, 2009). This clearly indicates that media plays significant role in shaping the personal identity in relation with the messages portrayed regarding gender roles. My own personal identity, if viewed within the perspective of the advertisements and messages depicted in both the magazines, therefore is largely shaped by the way I am portrayed i.e. as the way how my gender is portrayed within these messages. They tend to reinforce my personal identity because it allows me to view myself as a person with diverse range of abilities with strong appeal to attract my opposite sex. Daws, L. , 2009-11-11 "It’s Just One Day: Engaged Women’s Sense-making of Media Messages about Weddings"Â  Paper presented at the annual meeting of the NCA 95th Annual Convention, Chicago Hilton & Towers, Chicago, IL Online . 2010-07-29 from

Causes of the Development of Thatcherism

Causes of the Development of Thatcherism Introduction Britain has for a very long time been regarded as a model stable democracy.[1] There was great economic and social progress and a remarkable increase in the living standard and a rate of near full employment in the post war years in Britain.[2] However, in the mid 1970’s a lot of factors including high inflation, low economic growth, trade union power and weak government all led to a down turn in the economy and this greatly affected the standard of living in Britain.[3] This was referred to as a crisis of social democracy by the Conservative party. The right wing called for a simultaneous restoration of government authority and reduction in the size of the public sector.[4] The economic recession and slow economic growth greatly undermined popular support for the welfare state; this in no small measure helped the Conservative party to win the general elections in 1979 and Margaret Thatcher became the British prime minister. According to Hugo Young, the election of Margaret Th atcher as the prime minister earmarked ‘the beginning of a period which could later be defined as an era, in which an ordinary politician labouring under many disadvantages, grew in to an international figure who did extra ordinary things to her country’.[5] This essay will look at Thatcherism and if it embodies a consistent body of political principles or if it was essentially an opportunistic response to events. What is Thatcherism? The term Thatcherism is very difficult to analyse. Some commentators have described it as, ‘a reasonable coherent and comprehensive concept of control for the restoration of bourgeois rule and bourgeois hegemony in the circumstances of the 1980’s†¦the restoration of the rule of the state in the economy and finally a re-ordering of the balance of power between different factions of capital in Britain’.[6] Some commentators have also described Thatcherism as an experiment by Margaret Thatcher which was naà ¯ve in social engineering, through which it hoped that the behaviour and attitudes of the unions would change and that life would then be easier for entrepreneurs in Britain.[7] Thatcherism is essentially an instinct, a sense of moral values and an approach to leadership rather than an ideology.[8] Thatcherism is the body of rules and values that are ascribed to British first female Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher. Margaret Thatcher was born on October 13 1925 in Grantham, Lincolnshire. She was born to be a politician.[9] Her lineage and formation gave her few possibilities.[10] Margaret Thatcher came from a political family that handed down the tradition of political commitment from one generation to the next.[11] She went to Oxford University in 1943 to study chemistry. In the year she went to Oxford, she immediately joined the Conservative Association, OUCA.[12] She enrolled as a part-time student at the Council for Legal Education and passed her Bar exams in December 1953. Margaret Thatcher became the leader of the Conservative party in February 1975. She was a formidable leader. She was said to always set out to guide a discussion from the front leaving the others to challenge her.[13] She made it clear from the moment she became the leader of the Conservative party, her determination to create conditions for the revival of Britain.[14] She became the prime minister in May 1979. The 1979 election produced a historic victory for the Conservative party. It was the beginning of an era in which an ordinary politician (Margaret Thatcher) labouring under many disadvantages grew in to an international figure and carried out some extra ordinary reforms in Britain.[15] Margaret Thatcher described her self as a conviction politician. She produces stronger reaction than any other British political leader in modern times. People either love her or they loath her.[16] Thatcher sought to transform Britain’s way of life. She tried to create a new spirit of self reliance and enterprise in the British people.[17] She saw her self as a strong determined leader whose aim was to allow market forces to shape the development of British industry to the widest possible extent through policies such as privatization.[18] The term neo-liberal has frequently been used to define Thatcherite politics.[19] Thatcher’s conservative policies were different to the neo-Keynesianism of the Macmillan Conservatives.[20] Theorists sometimes refer Thatcherism to the style of Mrs Margaret Thatcher’s leadership, which is a no nonsense style of leadership and hostility to premium placed on gaining agreement by consensus.[21] Thatcherism is also referred to a strong state and a government strong enough to resist the selfish claims of pressure groups, traditional moral values and a government that believes in reducing state intervention and privatization.[22] Thatcherism is also referred to the clamp down on trade union militancy and high inflation that characterised Britain in the mid 1970’s.[23] Thatcherism is not only a set of policies but also involves a set of politically effective discursive strategies.[24] It is obvious that many ideologies of Thatcherism already existed in various forms of popular common sense, however they were inchoate and it was through Thatcher’s own self –image and pronouncements that these loose set of ideologies were formed in to ‘a popular, chauvinistic and morally righteous discourse with a definite set of referents and clear political implications’.[25] Thatcherism was achieved through a subtle combination of two forms of populism.[26] The first being an antagonistic discourse calling upon the British people to mobilise against the social democratic state and the second being, a more neutral concept of a consensual and, non –antagonistic people which buries their identity and antagonisms.[27] This is coupled with the highly condensed and complex national popular identity which Thatcherism invoked and the way the ideology looked at complex economic considerations and subsumed them under simple moral ideas.[28] One of the most common interpretations, especially during the first Thatcher spell in government, is the treatment of Thatcherism as a monetarist economic experiment.[29] Many commentators have tried to find the significance of Thatcherism in its economic policies and the economic interest it serves.[30] Theorists have sought to explain Thatcherism in one of three ways. Thatcherism have been explained in relatively instrumentalist terms, through its insistence on economic interests being the corner stone of its ideology; in terms of the functional relationship between these economic policies and the ideology and interests of specific economic interests; or in terms of the autonomous propagation by the Thatcher regime of policies which happen to favour the needs of these economic interests.[31] Thatcherism in today’s political rhetoric does not refer to an approach to economic goals but rather to a right wing Conservative who questions Keynesian policies and is a supporter of the free market on other policies.[32] Thatcherism in my view does not embody a consistent political principle. It basically embodies the beliefs and policies of Margaret Thatcher on how to jump start the British economy, re-establish the power and authority of the state, dislodge the increasing influence and powers of the trade unions, cut down inflation and get people back to work. The concept Thatcherism appears to have been used loosely and applied too widely. Thatcherism appears to have no consistent set of policies and which can be used to define its nature. Thatcherism is a broad complex of ideologies whose genealogy, unity and development are far from easy to analyse.[33] Conclusion Love her or hate her, Margaret Thatcher left an indelible mark in the annuals of British politics. Many years since she left office, debate still rages on whether Thatcherism is a consistent body of political principles or was it essentially an opportunistic response to events. A lot of commentators do not believe that Thatcherism really exit but if it does, then perhaps only as a misleading term of political discourse.[34] Paul Hirst wrote, ‘Thatcherism is a myth that tries to justify Conservative victory by ascribing it to fundamental social and attitudinal changes, rather than to the default of any credible alternative political force. It is a myth propagated by the left †¦enthusiastically taken up sections of the mainstream quality media and given wide coverage in the mid-1980s.[35] Thatcher no doubt, made most of the advantages the 1980s had given to her.[36] Circumstances helped some of the ideas of Mrs Thatcher to gain prominence and acceptance. The economy was in recession when she took over power. There was rampant inflation by the mid -1970s, industrial disruption was the order of the day, and trade unions were getting more militant and their influence was growing rapidly. Strikes were rampant, cumulating in the 1979 Winter of Discontent strikes. Keynesian techniques of economic management did not appear to have any answer to the super inflation.[37] The economy slowed down and economic growth became stagnated. This greatly affected the purchasing power of the sterling. Coupled with that, many people lost their jobs as a lot of companies closed down; particularly manufacturing companies. The morale and mood of the nation was low. The government were unable to finance a lot of state projects, particularly social welfare. Also in other western countries, governments became more prudent and were spending less. Public expenditure was curtailed, money supply was being controlled and free market forces and expanding the role of the market was gaining greater acceptance.[38] Further more, partly in response to pressure from the IMF, the labour government made huge cuts in public spending, introduced monetary targets and continued with incomes policy.[39] Economic regeneration was Mrs Thatcher’s major electoral commitment and she pledged to cut the dole queues.[40] The defeat of the labour government in the 1979 general election was due mainly to its own failures in government and had little to do with the opposition.[41] Thatcher then came along and challenged many established beliefs and interests. She brought about a new way of doing things. She hardly compromised on many of her deeply held political beliefs and principles. She was determined to reduce the increase in money supply so that inflation would be squeezed out of the system. She had to abandon formal income policies and ‘deals’ between government, employees and trade unions as one way of fighting inflation.[42] She also sought to reduce public sector spending and encourage a free market orientated economy. This meant selling state- owned industries and services to private individuals, removing stifling regulations on business and encouraging the sale of council houses.[43] This policies were effectively made to jump start the economy and reduce inflation. Lower public spending will lead to tax cuts and this will encourage economic growth that will in turn lead to creation of more jobs.[44] Thatcher also sought to encourage responsible trade union practices. She did not ascribe to the militancy and growing influence of trade unions. She wanted to introduce reforms that will free the labour market and remove some of the immunities that trade unions have long enjoyed under common law.[45] Thatcher wanted to restore the authority of government once again. This she intended to achieve by resisting the damaging claims of interest groups as well providing significant increases in resources for the armed forces and the police.[46] Margaret Thatcher, no doubt left an indelible mark on the annuals of British history. She was a very determined lady who believed in her own convictions and vividly pursued them. Finally, I feel that Thatcherism is too wide and does not embody a consistent body of principles. I also feel that circumstances prevailing at the time Thatcher came in to power helped some of her polices and ideas to gain prominence and acceptance. However, I do not subscribe to the notion that Thatcherism is an opportunistic response to events. Mrs Thatcher from the day she was made the leader of the Conservative party made clear her determination to create conditions for the revival of Britain. Thatcherism as a whole embodies values and principles that Mrs Thatcher felt would cure Britain of all the ills that afflicted her at that time, although the concept was very complex and had no consistent principles. Bibliography Cole, J (1987) The Thatcher Years: A Decade of Revolution in British Politics, BBC Books, London Metropolitan University Cooke, A.B (1985) Margaret Thatcher: The Revival of Britain, Aurum Press, London Hirst, P (1989) After Thatcher, Williams Collins and Sons, London Ingle, S ( 1987) The British Party System, Blackwell, Oxford Jenkins, S (2006) Thatcher Years: A revolution in three Acts, Penguin, London Jessop, B Bonnett, K, Bromley, S and Ling, T (1988) Thatcherism, Polity Press, Cambridge Kavanagh, D (1990) Thatcherism and British Politics, Second Edition, Oxford University Press, Oxford Norton, P (19967) The Conservative party, Prentice Hall, London Thatcher, M (1995) The path to power, Harper Collins, London Webb, P.D (2000) The Modern British party System, Sage, London Young, H (1989) Thatcherism and British Politics, Second Edition, Oxford University press, Oxford Footnotes [1] Kavanagh (1990) p.1 [2] Kavanagh (ibid) p.1 [3] Kavanagh (ibid) p.1 [4] Kavanagh (ibid) p.1 [5] Young, H (1989) p.135 [6] Overbeck (1989) citied in Jessop, Bonnett, Bromley, Ling (1988) p.1 [7] Keegan (1984) Jessop, Bonnett, Bromley, Ling (1988) p.1 [8] Jessop, Bonnett, Bromley, Ling (1988) p.1 [9] Young, H (ibid) p.2-3 [10] Young, H (ibid) p.2-3 [11] Young, H (ibid) p.3 -4 [12] Young, H (ibid) p.17 [13] Cole, J. C (1987) p.43 [14] Cooke, A.B (1981) p.vii [15] Young, H (1989) p.137 [16] Cole, J (1987) p.1 [17] Ingle (1987) p.42 [18] Ingle, S (ibid) p.42 [19] Ibid p.42 [20] ibid p.42 [21] Kavanagh, D (1990) p.9 [22] Kavanagh (ibid) p.9 [23] Kavanagh (ibid) p.9-10 [24] O’Shea, A (1984) p.35 [25] O’Shea, A (ibid) p.35 [26] O’Shea, A (ibid) p. 22 [27] O’Shea, A (ibid) p.21-23 [28] O’Shea, A (ibid) p.30-31 [29] Jessop, Bonnett, Bromley Ling (1988) p.24 [30] Jessop, Bonnett, Bromley Ling (ibid) p.29 [31] Jessop, Bonnett, Bromley Ling (1988) p.29 [32] Kavanagh (ibid) p.10 [33] Jessop, Bonnett, Bromley Ling (1988) p.12 [34] Jessop, Bonnett, Bromley Ling (1988) p.24 [35] Hirst, P ( 1989 ) After Thatcher, William Collins, p.11 [36] Hirst, P ( 1989 ) p.16 [37] Kavanagh (ibid) p.12 [38] Kavanagh (ibid) p.12 [39] Kavanagh (ibid) p.12 [40] Young, H (1989) p.140 [41] Hirst, P ( 1989 ) p.17 [42] Kavanagh (ibid) p.11-13 [43] Kavanagh (ibid) p.13 [44] Kavanagh (ibid) p.13 [45] Kavanagh (ibid) p.13 [46] Kavanagh (ibid) p.13

Biodiversity Essay -- plants extinction ecosystem

Biodiversity Imagine this: you step outside and feel the barren, rough, red Earth beneath your feet. There’s not a single plant in sight—no rustling of the leaves, no mighty towering trees to block the severe winds, and the scorching heat of the sun searing upon your face because there’s no shade. And when you take a whiff of air, you feel nothing filling up the space inside your lungs, liberating your body’s activities. What’s wrong with this picture? It’s not possible, of course. Even though plants aren’t the building blocks of life, they’re pretty close and without them, most of life wouldn’t exist—YOU wouldn’t exist. In my research, I will go in-depth about biodiversity—which defines as a quantity of the relative diversity among organisms present in various ecosystems (WordIQ). My research will focus mainly on the importance of plants/concern over plant extinction, rare, threatened, and endangered species, wa ys to prevent this from happening around our area, among other things. Why plants are essential to biomass/distress over plant extinction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As you may already know, plants are essential to the biomass through a list of numerous reasons. Plants provide for many important aspects of life, such as oxygen, food, medicines, beauty and tranquility. So what’s the agony over just a couple of vanished plant species? Research shows that if plant species continue to decline in major ecosystems, it could lead to the sixth mass extinction on planet Earth.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  According to experiments and statistics conducted by scientists, 28 percent of plants have decreased over the last 20 years. These results were supported by extensive destitution of habitats affected by human activities (Ananthaswamy, 2004). Each year, an estimated 17,000 to 100,000 species perish from our planet (World IQ, 2004). Reasons for US-wise status of rare, threatened, and endangered species and process of listing   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Some reasons for these â€Å"rare, threatened, and endangered† plant types are caused by nitrogen pollution. Based on recent studies experimented by some UK colleagues of the Open University in Milton Keynes, they found the soil/plant richness of high nitrogen-pollution concentrated areas was much lower than that of low-pollution concentrated areas. These results were drawn from samples taken from 68 different grassland sites. The number of species in each site ... ... even to provide shelter, shade, and clothes for us, among other things. Without them, we wouldn’t be here. They give so much for us, yet we give very little back to them. So if you have a bit of time on your hands someday, go out and plant a tree or do something that’ll give back to the ecosystem! Bibliography Entries Anathaswamy, A. (2004). â€Å"Earth Faces Sixth Mass Extinction†. New Scientist. â€Å"BGCI becomes an Associate Participant in the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF)†. BGCI Online. (2004). â€Å"Community Partnerships†. DeKalb Greenspace. (2001). â€Å"Definition of Biodiversity†. WordIQ. (----). Fisher, P (2004). â€Å"Landowners Receive More than $7 Million to Conserve Imperiled Species Through the Fiscal Year†. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. â€Å"Listed Species in Dekalb County†. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. (2004). Palmer, T (2004). â€Å"Grant Awarded to Save Rare Plant†. The Ledger Online. page 4. â€Å"Summary of Listed Species: Species and Recovery Plans as of 9/22/04†. Threatened and Endangered Species System (TESS). (2004). â€Å"Species Information: Threatened and Endangered Animals and Plants†. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. (2004).

60s America Through Images Essay

The 1960s proved a tumultuous time for the United States in how there were so many historical developments in the mere space of a decade. Throughout the 60s Americans experienced and witnessed many events such as war, civil rights campaigns and protests, assassinations, technological developments and the emergence of a popular culture and counterculture. Photography came to the fore at the start of the 20th century and a huge emphasis was put on the visual to experience culture. The historical developments of the 60s can be seen clearly through the visual culture as they portray the historical events of the time through the medium of imagery. With the growing popularization of television, imagery could be rapidly distributed to each home and this is one of the main reasons that visual culture had such a profound effect on those who witnessed the events portrayed. â€Å"By the end of the decade 90% of Americans had access to television sets† this staggering amount of led to a high level of influence though reception of imagery. For instance when we look at the portrayal of the typical American family one would often see an image of a close-knit family sitting together watching television. In the space of a decade from the 1950s television was incorporated in the American family (see fig. 1. ). Pictures such as this defined the family of the late 50s early 60s and incorporated the television into American families. With the television being a vital part of family life there was a constant flow of imagery available for the family to view. We can clearly see through images such as this that the US population began to regularly consume what the television provided. The photograph captures the importance television as a family pastime and how it gradually became the main focus of family time. Therefore we can see that the visual culture through the media such as television, newspapers and the images they provided to the population had a serious impact on historical developments of the 1960s. Information was constantly received by the population usually alongside images of events and the visual culture affected the historical developments of the 60s in how it influenced reactions to events. It is also evident that visual culture heavily influenced the 1960s due to the amount of images and videos from the time that are still available for viewing today. Figure 1. Everett F. Baumgardner. Family watching Television. 1958. Photograph. Nation Archives and Records of Administration. http://web. archive. org/web/20071226081329/teachpol. tcnj. edu/amer_pol_hist/thu mbnail427. htm One of the most important events to happen in the 1960s which greatly affected the US was its part of was the Vietnamese War. The war had a vital part in the 60s decade as it spanned through the whole of the 60s up until 1975. The war was the first of its kind as it was reported in great detail through television and newspapers. Essentially the Vietnam War and visual culture of the time went hand in hand as the relationship between the two was constant throughout the 60s. For over a decade people could get a visual insight into the war which had never been available before and many believe this is one of the main reasons that the US lost the war. President Lyndon seen this and argued that â€Å"if the previous wars had been televised, the United States would not have preserved in fighting them. Franklin Roosevelt and Harry Truman would have lost support for their policies even as he lost support for his, forcing the abandonment of his campaign for his re-election. † It was due to the constant visual bombardment of the ugly realities of war on the US people that turned them against the war and forced many to protest the war (fig. 2 and fig. 3). Figure 2. Horst Faas. A father holds the body of a child. 1964. Photograph. Available at Photographer Collection: Horst Faas http://blogs. denverpost. com/captured/2012/05/15/photographer-collection-horst-faas-vietnam/5689/ . Figure3. Horst Faas. Lt. Col. George Eyster of Florida. 1966. Photograph. Available at Photographer Collection: Horst Faas http://blogs. denverpost. com/captured/2012/05/15/photographer-collection-horst-faas-vietnam/5689/ Photographers such as Horst Fass gained their reputation for showing the horrors of the Vietnamese war through their photographs. Faas captured some of the most controversial photographs that showed the suffering of both sides of the war. When we look at these photos we can see the influence of the Vietnamese War on the visual culture of the United States. Pictures such as these were received on a daily basis and they dominated the decade visually becoming some of the most well known images from the 60s and the war itself. The graphic pictures show the ugly side of the Vietnamese War and photographs such as the father clutching his daughter’s body in front of soldiers dealt with the death of civilians while the photo of injured soldiers showed frailty of US troops. At the time these photographs seen showed the truth about the war and Fass would go on to win a Pulitzer Prize for his work in Vietnam. When we look these images it is clear that both reflect on the dark chaos of the war and the ugly realities which the civilian population had never seen before. The visual culture greatly affected the population’s war morale as it provided frail images of US soldiers either dead or wounded something which was not shown in previous wars. The reporting of the Second World War and the Korean War was different in that it was filtered with most hearing reports through radio broadcasts and newspapers which were controlled by the government. By the 60s there had been major developments in media reporting in that they had become more liberated. By the 60s multiple channels were emerging with their own news reporters providing multiple stories and recounts of different parts of the war. Therefore there was a vast increase in the amount of broadcasts and images being sent into the American homes greatly influencing a majority of the population. With photographers such as Faas working in Vietnam and capturing images showing innocent civilians being killed the United States population saw an unseen side to its army throughout the Vietnamese war as the army was shown in a very negative view. It can clearly be seen that photographers such as Faas greatly influenced the visual culture of the US throughout the 60s and these images had a significant impact in historical developments leading to the war effort becoming unpopular and encouraging anti war efforts. Figure 4. Ron Haeberle. My Lai Massacre. 1968. Photograph. Available at Life Magazine. Vol. 67. No. 23 . The negative view of the US army was perhaps most emphasised in the My Lai massacre in 1968. Throughout past wars the US army was seen as a symbol of justice and a manifestation of the good in that they were fighting to save the world but with the emergence of images and reports of events such as the Mai Lai Massacre there morality and ethics were questioned. Some even compared the US army to the Germans of World War Two in their way of psychologically thinking. â€Å"Two researchers concluded that Americans were deflecting the responsibility with the same defence mechanism the Germans used to rationalize the Holocaust. † The photography which emerged from the massacre by Ron Haeberle shocked the world and spurred many of the US into protesting against the war. (Fig4. Here we can clearly see why many considered comparing the US army’s actions to that of the German holocaust, the brutality and graphic detail which Haeberle’s photos captured had never been so widely distributed before. The terror on the faces or the sheer number of bodies appearing in some of the images had not been captured on camera before and these pictures were seen by thousands when they were published in magazines such as Life and greatly affected the visual culture intake of the American population. These particular photos had a huge influence on historical developments later in the war such as the protests and the investigations into what happened in the war. From looking at images such as photographs taken from the 1960s we can clearly see that the Vietnam had a huge influence on visual culture at the time and visual culture that would later emerge in the 70s. This was due to the fact that the war took up so many aspects of American life as it was a constant through the entire decade of the 60s. Regular exposure to the ugly realities of battle is thought to have turned the public against the war, forcing withdrawal of American troops and leaving the way clear for eventual Communist victory. †The visual culture was hugely influenced by the Vietnam War in the 60s it was mostly through photography and videos shown to the public by the media but later it influenced visual culture through art such as sculpture and painting. After the war ended in 1975 countless memorials were erected and many artists were inspired by the photographs this is evident in the sculpture The Three Soldiers Memorial sculpted in 1984 by Frederick Hart displayed in Washington. From looking at the Vietnam War throughout the 60s it is evident that it influenced the future of the visual culture as much as the visual culture influenced the developments of the war. The 60s decade can be defined as a decade of social revolution within the US. Many different causes gained strength and a massive following through their protests to further their cause. During this decade many protested for different reasons such as anti-war campaigners and those looking for the equal rights. There were movements for many different causes such as the African American civil rights movement, Hispanic and Chicano movement and the Gay Rights movement. For example with the Vietnamese War came protests against the war throughout the 60s. Those who were influenced by the atrocities shown in reports and images sent from Vietnam protested avidly throughout the 60s hence we can say the visual culture of the US had a great influence on the historical developments of the 60s, However although in the 60s protesting became very popular it was introduced through the Civil Rights movements in the late fifties early 60s and its idea of peaceful protesting. The 60s became a time associated with protest due to the vast amounts of protests staged for different reasons throughout the 60s. One of the major protest movements of the 60s was the Civil Rights Movement. These protests initially started in the late 50s but peaked in the 60s and were a catalyst of many other protests in the 60s. Those who protested for civil rights did so in a peaceful way and this greatly influenced the other protests such as the anti-war protests. Once again we can see that the visual culture through the medium of photography greatly influenced the development of these protests. Once again the population of the US was provided with images shocking to behold. The most influential case is perhaps the protest in Birmingham Alabama in 196 where the police reacted with unneeded violence. â€Å"Many argue that the dramatic clashes between nonviolent civil rights demonstrators and southern law enforcement in Birmingham and Selma were the principle impetus behind the enactment of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965, respectively. † Photographers of the time captured the violence of the police force and once again widely distributed and impacted on the community causing widespread support for the movement. When we look at what photographers such as Bill Hudson and Bob Adelman captured in their photographs we can see why the visual culture had such an impact on the historical developments regarding the Civil Rights Movement (Fig. 5 and Fig. 6). The image of the youth being attacked by the police dog is very harrowing and controversial, through this image the US seen the severity of racism and its unneeded violence. This photo became a huge part of the visuality of the Civil Rights Campaign’s attempt to gain support from the rest of the US population due to the severity of the photo and how controversial it was. Meanwhile Hudson’s photo of the protestors grouping together to take cover from water cannons can be seen as a symbol of unification of the protestors against the oppression of the police force and the city of Birmingham. There are countless images such as these two that were taken from the Birmingham Campaign This protest was a rally point for the Civil Rights Campaign and the images taken from Birmingham united and encouraged other people to protest in the south. The visual culture greatly influenced the outcome of the Civil Rights Movement as the Birmingham protest was captured in photography and gave the rest of the US an insight into what was happening in the South. These images had a significant impact on 1960s America and provided a major boost for the campaign as it received national attention leading to desegregation and equal opportunity for the coloured population. This protest was a rally point for the Civil Rights Campaign and the images taken from Birmingham united and encouraged other coloured people to protest in the south. The visual culture greatly influenced the outcome of the Civil Rights Movement as the Birmingham protest was captured through the photographers and gave the rest of the US an insight into what was happening in the South. These images had a significant impact on 1960s America and provided a major boost for the campaign as it received national attention leading to the gradual desegregation of the US and eventual equal opportunity for the coloured population. Figure 5. Bill Hudson. Birmingham Protest. 1963. Photograph. Available at Iconic photos http://iconicphotos. wordpress. om/2010/06/26/birmingham/. Figure6. Bob Adelman. Ingram Park Birmingham. 1963. Photograph. Available at J. Paul Getty Museum. http://www. getty. edu/art/gettyguide/artObjectDetails? artobj=258562 . The Civil Rights Movement provided an example of peaceful protest which became a popular way of protesting throughout the 60s. The social group which held a majority of the protests at the time were third level students . â€Å"From the civil rights demonstrations of the early sixties, students have turned to protest both the war in Vietnam and the policies of their schools. It is no exaggeration to give college students credit for making Vietnam a national issue. †They were influenced by the Civil Rights Movement and based their protests on the same ideology in peaceful protests. The 60s were a time of constant protest for students. The issues of the student protest movements range from racial discrimination, the war on poverty, and the war in Vietnam, to particular policies of the universities. However it was the anti- war protests that spurred the most conflict between the students and the authorities. The visual culture made impressions in developing the protests through the use of printing presses as seeing photos such as Faas’ or Adelman’s spurred the student bodies into action. With the emergence of the My Lai massacre and other such atrocities protests escalated to a climax at the end of the 60s with the Columbia University protests of 1968. Students discovered that the university was secretly affiliated with the Department of Defence’s weapon research and openly protested this affiliation with occupying university buildings and this eventually led to their violent removal. However it was this violence by the authorities that increased support for the protestors. â€Å"In his study of the Columbia Crisis in the spring of 1968, Barton (1968) found that the use of excessive police force against demonstrators had the effect of increasing the sympathy of faculty and students for the tactics (a sit-in and a general strike) employed by the demonstrators. † This violence recorded through the news and photographs once again captivated the US and encouraged many to take part in the protests (Fig. 7). The imagery taken from the by photographers such as Morris captured the harsh measures the authorities and when these pictures were published in newspapers and magazines people began to empathize with the protestors. It is evident in each movement that the media greatly influenced the historical developments through imagery such as photography. Through photography and the media it can be said that the visual culture impacted the outcome of many movements such as the African-American civil rights movements, the anti-war protests and the gradual end of the war. Figure 7. Larry C. Morris. Police forcing Columbia Students out. 968. Photograph. Available at The New York Times. Imagery was a huge part of protests throughout the 60s through photographs of the events but other visuals emerged with the protestor’s use of posters. With the gradual growth of homemade printing presses simple yet colourful posters began to emerge at protests. At protests there was a constant bombardment of simple yet very controversial. The poster entitled ‘it’s the real thing for S. E. Asia’ was simple, eye catching and precise the bright colour of the posters caught bystander’s eyes and presented its argument outwardly in the face of the public (Figure 8. . Posters such as the ‘it’s the real thing for S. E Asia’ were a common site at protests against Vietnam and mocked capitalism and the military tactics that were employed during the time. These protests were against the stupidity and brutality of the war emerged in the early 60s with controversial posters such as this one becoming a more common sight. Anti-war protests provided the majority of the controversial posters as they attempted to highlight the problems with the war. By nature these posters

Postmodern Youth Culture - 2480 Words

This essay I am going to discuss contemporary youth culture, and how fashion and appearance are being used to communicate a certain identity. My main focus will be on trying to explain how they are characteristic for the post modern are and how they are distinct from â€Å"authentic† subcultures. Furthermore I will look into the central role consumption have in post modern youth cultures. When discussing these different ideas, I have chose to look into two contemporary youth cultures; the hipster and the clubbers. Fashion and appearance are about showing who we are. Kratz and Reimer (1998) state how fashion is a cultural phenomen that we use to communicate to others our identity. This identity could be social and cultural, it can be showing†¦show more content†¦It is not be denied that fashion is the most visible act of consumption, therefore also the most visible way to communicate thru consumption (Miles, 1998). Hipsters communicate thru fashion by not following the catwalk trends, the main trend within this culture is wearing vintage and thriftshop inspired clothes, often in unexpected combinations. Referring back to the codes of fashion, and how subcultures broke these codes, Hipsters can be said to do the same (hebdiges, 1979). This culture are trying do differentiate themselves from everything that they see as mainstream. It is clear that this craving after differentiation are a well know aspect within postmodernity, which could be explained by the impossibility to do so becau se there are no longer any rules, everything has already been done (Appignanesi amp; Garrat, 2004; Muggleton, 2000) Drawing on this statement about postmodernity, It can be claimed how â€Å"indie† now have become mainstream, especially when it comes to fashion and style. Even though almost all subcultrual style did at some point become mainstream, the difference is that when that happened the innovators of the style, the subculture, turned away from that style. Today Kratx and Reimer(1998) argues how trends seem to last much longer, how â€Å"subcultures† stick to them, even after adopted by the mainstream.Show MoreRelatedBecoming Black : Rap And Hip Hop, Race, Gender, Identity, And Politics Of Esl Learning1632 Words   |  7 Pagespg. 349-350) â€Å"In the case of African youths, whose language and identity are we teaching/assuming in the classroom if we do not engage rap/hip hop?† (Ibrahim, pg. 366) â€Å"Whose knowledge is being valorized and legitimated and thus assumed to be worth of study and whose knowledge and identity are left in the corridors and the hall ways of our schools?† (Ibrahim, pg. 366) In what sense might hip-hop be described as revolutionary today? 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